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动词现在分词的变化规则

1、一般情况下,动词后直接加 s ,动词现在分词的变化规则:般在动词末尾直接加 ing以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词,先去掉 e, 再加 ingmake --- makingdance --- dancingwrite --- writing以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,stoppingswimming shopping以 ie 结尾的动词,把 ie 变成 y 再加 ing如: lie --- lyingtie --- tying die --- dying般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则如 : skate --- skating have --- having ride --- ridingcome --- coming 应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing 如: puttingrunning beginning jogging sitting gettingiv.如:works,gets,reads 等。

2、以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在后面加es,女口:goes,teaches,washes等。

3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加es,如:study--studies,try--tries,carry--carries 等。

4、动词have 遇在主语是第三人称单数时, have 改为has,如:He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时, be 改为is。

一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。

1、大多数动词在词尾加“ S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。

在t后读[ts],在d后读[dz],如:①stop —stops [s] ; make —makes [s]②read —reads [z] ; play —plays [z]2、以辅音字母加“ y”结尾的,要先将“ y”变为“ i”,然后在加“ es”读[iz]女口:fly —flies [z] ;carry—carries [z] study-studies [z]; worry -worries3、以“ s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加"es”,发音为[iz]女口:teach-teaches [iz]; watch -watches [iz]4、以"o”结尾的动词,加"es”,读[z]女口:go-goes [z] do-does [z]下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。

如:1、do [du:] -does [dz]2、say [sei]-says [sez]以不发音字母“ e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s], [z]时,加“ s”后字母“ e”发音,与所加“ s”一起读做[iz]。

如:close-closes [iz]二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同:变“y”为“”现象双写最后辅音字母现象例词:①baby —babies②carry -carries③study —study ing(一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。

现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。

一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。

如:cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。

二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。

如:come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。

如:1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。

如:lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent2. 改变单词中间元音字母。

如:sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held3. 以eep结尾的动词,把eep改为ept。

如:keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh 或ough 结尾的动词。

如:buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought,teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught5. 有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。

如:say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。

如:have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made,meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。

如:五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加n。

如:blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown,know-knew-known六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。

如:rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven,eat-ate-eaten特殊:write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1) 规则变化情况例词读音与说明动词原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形后加-edlook -looked -looked [lukt]call -called -called [kC:ld]open -opened -opened [5EupEnd]need -needed-needed [ni:did][d]①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕后发音为[id]③但fix 的过去式和过去分词x 不双写,为fixed.以-e结尾的动词加-dmove -moved -moved [mu:vd]phone -phone d -phoned [fEund]hope -hoped -hoped [hEupt] agree —agreed —agreed [E5A ri:d] 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-edstudy -studied -studied [5stQdid]carry -carried-carried [5kArid]try -tried-tried [traid]以原音字母加y 结尾的词,直接加-edplay -played -played [pleid]enjoy -enjoyed -enjoyed [in5dVCid]stay -stayed -stayed [steid]末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop -stopped -stopped [stCpt]plan -planned -planned [plAnd]fit -fitted -fitted [5fitid]以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-edprefer —preferred —preferred [prl'f:d]refer-referred -referred [ri5fE:]2)不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。

1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。

cut (切),hit (打),cast (扔),hurt (伤害),put (放),let (让)shut (关),cost (花费),set (放),rid (清除)2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。

例:原形过去式过去分词find (找到)pay (支付)leave (离开)lend (借出)meet (遇见)keep (保持)lose (丢失)teach (教)sit (坐)lead (引导)win (赢)除)3.动词原形与过去分词同形例:原形过去式过去分词run (跑)-ran-runbecome (成为)—became—become4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。

例:原形过去式过去分词give (给)—gave —givenfly (飞)—flew —flowndrink (喝)—drank —drunksee (看见)—saw —seengo (去)—went —goneknow (知道)—knew —knownwear (穿)一wore —wornspeak (说)—spoke —spoken5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式例:原形过去式过去分词burn (燃烧)--burned /burnt -- burned /burnt learn (学习)-- learned /learnt --learned /learnt smell (闻)-- smelled /smelt --smelled /smeltspell (拼写)-- spelled /spelt -- spelled /spelt shine (照射)-- shined /shone --shined /shone leap (跳)-- leaped /leapt --leaped /leapt提示a. beat 的过去式与原形同形:比:beat (打击)beat (过去式)beaten (过去分词)b. lie 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比:lie lied, lied (说谎)lay, lain (躺,位于)c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比: hang hanged, hanged (处绞刑)hung, hung(挂,吊)d. welcome (欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词比:welcome welcomed, welcomed (正)welcome, welcome (误)e. 不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比:hit (打)hit, hit (正)hitted, hitted (误)(三)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同cost --- cost --- cost cut --- cut --- cut let --- l et --- l et set --- set --- set put --- p ut --- put hit --- h it --- hitshut --- shut --- s hut hurt---hurt--- hurt read---read --- r ead 读音/e/ lie---lied---lied 说谎lay---laid---laid 放置, 下蛋lay--- lain 躺下,位于,平放eg. The hens don t ______ e ggsduringcsouldchweather.She ____ her books on the table. ___B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有bright --- brought --- brought buy --- bought --- bought teach --- taught --- taught ought, aught, 读音是[ :t] think --- thought --- thought catch --- caught --- caught2.动词原形中的e为o,变成过去式和过去分词。

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