Association
• Association in interpreting refers to interpreters’
deliberate mental connection of what they hear as new information to something they already know or are familiar with in an attempt for easier recall of the information later on.
More advice
• It must be understood that interpreters are ordinary people. With the exception of a few lucky ones, the majority of them are just like you and me. The reason that they can retrieve almost everything they hear (usually with the help of note-taking, of course) even if the speaker has kept talking for about 4 or 5 minutes is because they have taken conscious efforts to improve their memory.
• The multi store model is a classic model of memory. It is sometimes called the modal model or the dual process model. • The multi store model (Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968) describes memory in terms of information flowing through a system. • Information is detected by the sense organs and enters the sensory memory. • If attended to this information enters the short term memory. • Information from the STM is transferred to the long-term memory only if that information is rehearsed. • If rehearsal does not occur, then information is forgotten, lost from short term memory through the processes of displacement or decay.
Accommodation
Famous Hotels Hilton Shengri-La Radison Portman-Ritz Sheraton Intercontinental Hotel Crowne Plaza Marriott International Holiday Inn Westin Hotel Ramada Jin Jiang International
Scenic Spots/ Tourist Attractions
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 承德避暑山庄 Chengde Summer Resorts 敦煌莫高窟 the Dunhuang Mogao Grottos 秦始皇陵 Qinshihuang's Mausoleum 兵马俑 terra-cotta soliders and horses 布达拉宫 Potala Palace 亭、台、楼、塔 pavilion、terrace、tower、pagoda
Questions
• pork with fish flavor steamed mandarin fish stir-fried mixed vegetables shrimps fried with egg white sautéed mushrooms and bamboo shoots
• • • • • • • • 东方明珠 Oriental Pearl Television Tower 外滩 The Bund 城隍庙 The City God Temple 豫园 The Yu Garden
Scenic Spots/ Tourist Attractions
• • • • • • 丝稠之路 The Silk Road 桂林山水 The Landscape of Guilin 上有天堂，下有苏杭 Up above there is a paradise, down below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou. • 五岳（东岳泰山、南岳衡山、西岳华山、北岳恒山和中岳嵩 山） • China’s five great mountains (Mount Tai in East China, the Hengshan Mountain in South China, the Huashan Mountain in West China, the Hengshan Mountain in North China, and the Songshan Mountain in Central China)
Chapter 2 Tourism
Skill focus: Memory Training Skill-related Exercises(1)、(2)、(3) Topic Focus: Tourism Background Information Sentence Interpreting Dialogue Interpreting Passage Interpreting
Chunking
• Chunking means to group pieces of data into units. For example, the letters "b e d" constitute three units of information while the word "bed" represents one unit even though it is composed of the same number of letters. • If students learn to chunk, their memory of the content of a passage will be largely improved.
Methods to Improve Memory
• • • • • • Organization Repetition Visualization Chunking Association Note-taking
Organization
• Sequential – chronological; cause/effect; building to climax. • Directional – north/south & east/west; front/back; left/right; bottom/up or top/down, etc. • Transitional (connective) – relational words or phrases used to indicate qualitative change over time • Component (part/whole) – classification by category or concept • Relevance— topic sentence or supporting sentences
中餐常见的翻译方法
• 烹饪方法 cookery 煮 boiling 煲／炖 stewing 煎 frying 炒 stir-frying 爆 quick-frying 炸 deep-frying 熏 smoking 烤 roasting/barbecuing 蒸 steaming 红烧 braising with soy sauce
Background Information
• • • • Scenic Spots/ Tourist Attractions Catering Culture/Cuisine Accommodation Transportation
Scenic Spots/ Tourist Attractions
Visualization
• Students should remind themselves that what they are listening to is interesting and important and create mental pictures, or to visualize what they hear, whenever they can. • This visualization technique works very well for narrative or descriptive speeches.
Repetition
• Experienced interpreters often mentally repeat what the speaker has said previously while still listening to the on-going speech or interpreting consecutively so as to link all the points together.