语法复习十九：冠词（一）考纲要求考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

（二）命题导向冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。

（三）基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。

冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

1、定冠词的基本用法：①表示上文提到过的人或事物。

如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。

如：Close the window, please.③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。

如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④用于表示方位的名词之前。

如：the east, the right.⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。

如：the first, the tallest.⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。

如：the sick, the wounded.⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。

如：the United States, the United Nation.⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。

如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。

如：The Smiths⑩用于乐器的名词前。

如：play the piano; play the violin.⑾发明物。

如：The compass was invented in China.⑿年代名词前。

如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.⒀固定词组中。

如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time2、不定冠词的基本用法：①泛指一个。

如：There is a book on the table.②指人或事物的某一种类。

如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.③指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。

如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。

如：We have meals three timesa day.（我们一天吃三餐。

）⑤表示同样的。

如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。

）⑥表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。

如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.⑦使抽象名词具体化。

如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）⑧固定搭配。

如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word3、不用冠词的情况：①表示总称的复数名词之前。

如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。

）②不含普通名词的专有名词前。

如：We are studying English.③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。

如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.④季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。

如：She likes spring most.⑤呼语前不用冠词。

如：What shall I do next, Mother?⑥三餐饭前不用冠词。

如：What did you have for lunch?⑦节假日前不用冠词。

如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.⑧球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。

如：She is fond of playing basketball.⑨在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。

如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door （挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

练习（一）、冠词1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.A. a, aB. a, theC. the, theD. the, a7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every8. He was absent because he had caught ____.A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy coldD. heavy cold9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. other12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 199515. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.A. frontB. the frontC. a frontD. instead21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, the24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?A. manB. the manC. a manD. men26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, a29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.A. National DayB. the National DayC. our National DayD. a National Day练习（二）、冠词1. ---You mean you know the man? ---I know________ man exactly like him.A. otherB. theC. /D. a2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?A. a, /B. the, /C. a, theD. the, the3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.A. a, aB. the, aC. /, /D. /, a4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.A. a,/, theB. a,/, /C. the, the, theD. the, an, an5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.A. the, theB. the, /C. the, aD. /, a6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.A. /, /B. his, hisC. the, theD. an, his7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.A. the, /B. /, /C. /, aD. the, the8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.A. a, theB. a, /C. the, aD. the, the9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?A. the, the, theB. a, the, aC. the, a, theD. the, the, a10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.A. the, aB. /, /C. a, aD. /, a11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.A. the, aB. a, aC. the, /D. the, /12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?A. a, aB. a, theC. the, aD. the, the13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.A. /, /B. the, theC. a, /D./, the14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.A. a, aB. the, theC. a, theD. the, a15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.A. a, the, theB. a,/,theC. /,/,theD. /,/,a16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.A. an, aB. /, theC. the, aD. the, /17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.A. a, aB. the, aC. a, /D. the, /18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.A. the, theB. a, aC. a, /D. the, /19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.A. the, aB. /, theC. /, /D. the, /20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.A. /, aB. the, /C. /, theD. the, the21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.A. the dressB. a dressC. dressD. the dresses22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? ---Oh, it was ____ success.A. How, really aB. What, greatC. How, /D. What, quite a23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as seriousenough for ____ hospital treatment.A. /,/,theB. a,/,/C. a, the,/D. /,the, the24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.A. /, the, aB. a, /, theC. a, a, theD. a, the, the25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.A. /, /B. /, aC. the, /D. /, the26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.A. a, aB. /, /C. a, theD. a, /28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.A. a, theB. a, /C. the, anD. the, the29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.A. /, /B. a, aC. the, /D. the, the30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.A. the, the, /B. the, the, aC. /, the, aD. /, the, /31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)A./;B. aC. theD. one32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.A./;/B. the ; theC. the; /D./;the （MET1991 11）33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.A./; /B. the; theC. the; /D./; the （MET1992 36）34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.A. the ; theB./; /C. the; /D./; the （MET 1993 19）35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the; theB. the ; /C. a; /D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?A. a; /B. the; /C. a; theD. the; the （NMET1994 23）37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.A. a; /B. the; anC. the; theD./;the （NMET 1996 13）38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.A. the ; /B. the; theC./; theD./; /（NMET 1999 8）39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .A.90s; theirB. the 90s; /C.90s; /D. the 90s; their（1999.上海6）40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; aB./; aC. the ; theD./; the (NMET2000 10)41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)A. a; theB. the; theC. the ; aD. a; a42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.A./; aB. the; /C./; /D. the ; the (2000.春招8)43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招26)A. a; theB. the ;不填C. the; theD. was killing44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)A./;theB./;anC. an; anD. the; the45. ---I don't like_____New York at all. ---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.A. the, theB. /, theC. the, /D. /, a冠词练习一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA 26~30 DCBBA练习二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB 26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB。