一四级英语每日练习Passage 1It is well known that teenage boys tend to do better1)______ math than girls, that male high school students are more likely than their female counterparts2)______advanced math courses like calculus,that virtually all the great mathematicians 3)______ men. Are women born with 4)______ mathematical ability?Or does society's sexism slow their progress?In1980, two Johns Hopkins University researchers tried 5)______ the eternal nature/nurture debate. Julian Stanley andCamilla Benbow 6)______ 10,000 talented seventh and eighth graders between 1972and 1979. Using the Scholastic Aptitude Test, in which math questions are meantto measure ability rather than knowledge,they discovered7)______ sex differences.8)______ the verbal abilities of the males and females 9)______ differed, twiceas many boys as girls scored over 500 (on a scale of 200 to 800) on mathematicalability; at the 700 level, the ratio was 14 to 1. The conclusion: males have10)______ superior mathematical reasoning ability.Benbow and Stanley's findings,11)______ were published in"Science", disturbed some men and 12)______ women. Now there is comfort for those people ina new study from the University of Chicago that suggests math 13)______not,after all, a natural male domain. Prof.Zalman Usiskin studied1,366tenth graders.They were selected from geometry classes and tested on their ability to solve geometry proofs, a subject requiring14)______ abstract reasoning and spatial ability.The conclusion 15)______ by Usiskin: there are no sex differences in math ability.1.A. at B. to C. of D. about2.A. in tackling B. tackling C. to tackle D. about tackling3.A. might be B. have been C. must be D. had been4.A. smaller B. less C. fewer D. not more5.A. to settle B. to set C. settling D. setting6.A. were tested B. have tested C. were testing D. had tested7.A. distinct B. instinct C. remote D. vague8.A. Since B. However C. As D. While9.A. scarcely not B. virtually C. largely D. hardly10.A. superficially B. universally C. inherently D. initially11.A. as B. that C. which D. all12.A. few B. not a few C. not few D. quite few13.A. be B. were C. was D. is14.A. none of B. neither of C. either D. both15.A. got B. gained C. reached D. accomplishedPassage 2We all know that a magician does not really depend on "magic" to perform histricks, but on his ability to act at great speed. 16)______, this does not preventus from enjoying watching a magician 17)______rabbits from a hat. 18)______ thegreatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926.Houdini mastered the art of 19)______. He could free himself from the tight test knots or the mostcomplicated locks in seconds. 20)______no one really knows how he did this, there is no doubt 21)______ he had made a close study of every type of lock ever invented. He liked to carry a small steel needle like tool strapped to his leg and he usedthis inplace of a key.Houdini once asked the Chicago police to lock him in prison. They 22)______him in chains and locked him up,but he freed himself23)______an instant.The police 24)______ him of having used a tool and locked him up again . This time he wore noclothes and there were chains round his neck,waist,wrists,and legs;but he again escaped in a few minutes. Houdini had probably hidden his "needle" in a wax like25)______ and dropped it on the floor in the passage. 26)______ he went past, hestepped on it so that it stuck to the bottom of his foot. His most famous escape,however, was 27)______ astonishing. He was heavily chained up and enclosed in anempty wooden chest, the lid of 28)______ was nailed down. The 29)______ was dropped into the sea in New York harbor. In one minute Houdini had swum to the surface. Whenthe chest was 30)______, it was opened and the chains were found inside.16.A. Generally B. However C. Possibly D. Likewise17.A. to produce B. who produces C. produce D. how to produce18.A. Out of the question B. Though C. Probably D. Undoubted19.A. escaping B. locking C. opening D. dropping20.A. Surprisingly B. Obviously C. Perhaps D. Although21.A. if B. whether C. as to D. that22.A. involved B. closed C. connected D. bound23.A. at B. by C. in D. for24.A. rid B. charged C. accused D. deprived25.A. candle B. mud C. something D. substance26.A. As B. Usually C. Maybe D. Then27.A. overall B. all but C. no longer D. altogether28.A. it B. which C. that D. him29.A. chest B. body C. lid D. chain30.A. brought up B. sunk C. broken apart D. snapped二Passage 3Who won the World cup 1998 football game? What happened at the United Nations?How did the critics like the new play? 31)______ an event takes place, newspapersare on the streets giving the details. Wherever anything happens in the world,reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic32)______, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it tothose who want to33)______it.Radio,telegraph,television,and34)______ inventions brought competition for newspapers.So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 35)______, this competition merely spurred thenewspapers on. They quickly make use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the36)______and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are37)______and read than ever petition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields.Besides keeping readers38)______of the latest news, today's newspapers educate and influence readers about politics and otherimportant and serious matters.Newspapers influence readers'economic choices39)______advertising.Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very40)______. Newspapers are sold at a price that 41)______ even a small fraction ofthe cost of production.The main42)______of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising.The success in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers.This43)______ in terms of circulation.How many people read the newspaper?Circulation depends somewhat on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 44)______ in a newspaper's pages.But for the most part,circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as source of information45)______ the community,city,country,state,nation and world and even outer space.31. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D. Before32. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose33. A. make B. publish C. know D. write34.B.otherC.one anotherD.the other35.A.HoweverB.AndC.ThereforeD.So36.A.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speed37.A.spreadB.passedC.printedpleted38.rmB.be informedC.to be informed39.A.onB.throughC.withD.of40.A.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purpose41.A. tries to coverB. manages to coverC. fails to coverD. succeeds in42.A.sourceB.originC.courseD.finance43.B.measuredC.is measuredD.was measured44.A.offeringB.offeredC.which offeredD.to be offered45.A.byB.withC.atD.aboutPassage 4The United States is well known for its network of major highways designed to helpa driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.46)______these wide modern roads are generally47)______ and well maintained,with48)______sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most 49)______ one. Large highways often pass 50)______ scenic areas and interesting small towns.Furthermore, these highways generally 51)______ large urban centers, which meansthat they become crowded with 52)______ traffic during rush hours, 53)______ the"fast, direct" route becomes a very slow route.However, there is almost always another route to take 54)______ you are not in ahurry. Not far from the 55)______ new "superhighways", there are often older,56)______ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. 57)______ ofthese are good two lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high 58)______, or down frightening hillside to towns 59)______ in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places 60)______the air is cleanand scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, cleanview of the world.46.A.AlthoughB.SinceC.BecauseD.Therefore47.A.stableB.splendidC.smoothplicated48.A.littleB.fewC.muchD.many49.A.terribleB.possibleC.enjoyableD.profitable50.A.toB.intoC.overD.by51.A.leadB.connectC.collectmunicate52.rgeB.fastC.highD.heavy53.A.whenB.forC.butD.that54.A.unlessB.ifC.asD.since55.A.relativelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.reasonably56.A.andB.lessC.moreD.or57.A.AllB.SeveralC.LotsD.Some58.A.rocksB.cliffsC.roadsD.paths59.A.lyingyingidD.lied60.A.thereB.whenC.whichD.wherePassage 5Early Tudor England was to a large extent self-sufficient. Practically all thenecessities of life -- food, clothing,fuel and housing -- were produced from native resources by native effort, and it was to 61)______ these primary needs that thegreat mass of the population labored 62)______ its daily tasks. Production was forthe most part organized in innumerable small units. In the country the farm, thehamlet and the village lived on 63)______ they could grow or make for themselves,and 64) ______ the sale of any surplus in the local market town, 65)______ in thetowns craftsmen applied themselves to their one-man business,making the boots and shoes,the caps and the cloaks,the66)______and harness of townsmen and countrymen 67)______. Once a week town and country would meet to make 68)______ at a marketwhich came 69)______ realizing the medieval idea of direct contact between producer and 70) ______. This was the traditional economy,which was hardly altered for some centuries,and which set the71) ______ of work and the standard of life of perhaps nice out of 72) ______ ten English men and women. The work was long and 73)______,and the standard of life achieved was almost 74)______ low. Most Englishmen liedby a diet which was often75)______and always monotonous,wore coarse and ill-fitting clothes which harbored dirt undermine,and lived in holes whose squalor would affront the modern slum dweller.61.A.settleB.answerC.satisfyD.fill62.A.atB.inC.onD.with63.B.whatC.whetherD.where64.A.withB.byC.onD.for65.A.althoughB.whileC.neverthelessD.when66.A.machinesB.apparatusC.equipmentD.implement67.A.similarB.skinC.like68.A.exchangeB.bargainC.dealingD.ride69.A. close atB. adjacent toC. near toD. near-by70.A.consumerB.buyererD.shopper71.A.modelB.formC.patternD.method72.B.eachC.theD.other73.A.cruelB.hardC.ruthlessD.severe74.A.unimaginativelyB.unimaginablyC.imaginarilyD.unimaginedly75.A.weakB.littleC.meagerD.sparsePassage 6Unlike most sports, which evolved over time from street games, basketball was designed by one man to suit a particular purpose. The man was Dr. James Naismith,and his purpose was to invent a vigorous game that could be played indoors in thewinter.In 1891, Naismith was an instructor at a training school, which trained physicaleducation instructors for the YMCAs. That year the school was trying 76)______ upwith a physical activity that the men could enjoy 77)______ the football and baseball seasons. None of the standard indoor activities78)______ their interest for long. Naismith was asked to solve the problem by the school.He first tried to 79)______ some of the popular outdoor sports, but they were alltoo rough. The men were getting bruised form tackling each other and 80)______ hit with equipment. So, Naismith decided to invent a game that would incorporate themost commonelements of outdoor team sports without having the real physical contact.Most popular sports used a ball, so he chose a soccer ball because it was soft andlarge enough that it 81)______ no equipment, such as a bat or a racket to hit it.Next he decided 82)______ an elevated goal, so that scoring world depend on skilland accuracy rather than on 83)______ only.His goals were two peach baskets, 84)______ to ten-foot-high balconies at each end of the gym. The basic 85)______ of the game was to throw the ball into the basket.Naismith worth rules for the game, 86)______ of which, though with some small changes, are still 87)______ effect.Basketball was an immediate success. The students 88)______it to their friends and the new sport quickly 89)______ on. Today, basketball is one of the most populargames 90)______ the world.76.A. to have comeingeD.to come77.A.betweenB.duringC.whenD.for78.A.rousedB.heldC.hadD.were79.A.imitateB.adoptC.adaptD.renovate80.A.beingB.to beC.been81.A.requestededC.requiredD.took82.A.onB.toC.ofD.with83.A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.might84.A.fixedB.fixingC.that fixD.which fixed85.B.ruleC.wayD.idea86.A.fewB.muchC.manyD.little87.A.withB.inC.onD.for88.A.definedB.spreadC.taughtD.discussed89.A.wentB.tookC.put90.A.ofB.throughoutC.amongD.through1.A2.C3.B4.B5.A6.D7.A8.D9.D10.C11.C12.B13.D14.D15.C16.B17.C19.A20.D21.D22.D23.C24.C25.D26.A27.D28.B29.A30.A31.C32.D33.C34.B35.A36.D37.C38.D39.B40.B42.A43.C44.B45.D46.A47.C48.B49.C50.D51.B52.D53.A54.B55.A56.B57.D58.B59.A60.D61.C62.A63.B65.B66.D67.D68.A69.C70.A71.C72.A73.B74.B75.C76.D77.A78.B79.C80.A81.C82.A83.B84.A85.D86.C88.C89.B90.BClozeDecide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage ifinserted in the corresponding blanks. Select the correct choice for each blank.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern bent emerged during the18th century.The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters(1)_____natural beauty,the sublime,and representation-- a trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy ofnature.(2)_____that time,however,the philosophy of art has become ever more (3)_____ and has begun to (4)_____ the philosophy of nature.Various issues (5)_____ to the philosophy of art have had a (6)_____impact(7)_____the orientationof 20th-century aesthetics.(8)_____among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and (9)_____ the distinction between representation andexpression.Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value ofart.Two opposing theoretical positions(10)_____on this issue:one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, (11)_____ theother maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself.Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste,one of the basic concerns of aesthetics.In recent years there has also been an increasing(12)_____with art as the prime object of critical judgment.Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, (13)_____ have followed (14)_____ oftwo approaches.In one,criticism is restricted to the analysis andinterpretation of the work of art.the response to the aesthetic object(15)_____, it is devoted to articulatingand to (16)_____ a particular way of perceivingit.Over the years,aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry.The concerns of contemporary aesthetics include such (17)_____ problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation ofaesthetic judgment to culture;the (18)_____of a history of art;the (19)_____ of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and theplace of aesthetic judgment in practical (20)_____in the conduct of everyday affairs. 1.A. forB. asC. toD. with2.A.SinceB.ForC.AsD.In3.A.promotionalB.promissoryC.promiscuousD.prominent4.A.plantB.supplantC.transplantD.replant5.A.centralB.concentratingC.focusingD.centering6.A.markingB.remarkingC.markedD.remarked7.A.onB.forC.inD.to8.A. ForebodyingB.ForemostC.ForethoughtfulD.Foregone9.A.forB.forC.toD.on10.A. have broughtB. have been broughtC. have takenD. have been taken11.A.whereasB.whereinC.whereonD.wherefore12.A.preoccupancyB.preoccupationC.premonitionD.preoption13.A.artistsB.writersC.criticsD.analysts14.A.allB.eitherC.neitherD.none15.A. In the other mannerB. In the other wayC. In anotherD. In the other16.A.justifyB.justifiedC.justifyingD.having justified17.A. diverseB.dividedC.divineD.dividual18.A.vicinityB.viabilityC.villainyD.visibility19.A.relianceB.reliabilityC.reliefD.relevancy20.A.reasonB.reasonablenessC.reasoningD.reasonability1.B2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.C10.D11.A12.B13.C14.B15.D16.C17.A18.B19.D20.CClozeDecide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage ifinserted in the corresponding blanks. Select the correct choice for each blank.Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment, hasbeen continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000 years.Together withother activities (1)_____ ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated asartistic (such as music or dance), painting was one of the earliest ways in whichman (2)_____ to express his own personality and his (3)_____ understanding of anexistence beyond the material world.(4)_____music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day.The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction(5)_____the 15,000-year-old cave murals of Lascaux --some examples(6)_____to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists.And painting,like other arts, exhibits universal qualities that(7)_____for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.The major (8)_____ examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found inWestern Europe and the Soviet Union.But some 5,000 years ago, the areas inwhich important paintings were executed (9)_____ to the eastern Mediterranean Seaand neighboring regions.(10)_____,Western shared a European cultural tradition -- the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries ofthe New World.Western painting is in general distinguished by its concentration (11)_____ therepresentation of the human (12)_____, whether in the heroic context of antiquityor the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world.The Renaissance (13)_____this tradition through a (14)_____examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking painting(15)_____the developing sciences of anatomy and optics.The first real (16)_____ from figurative painting came with the growth of landscapepainting in the 17th and 18th centuries.The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the19th century in an atmosphere that wasincreasingly (17)_____ "painterly" qualities of the (18)_____ of light and colorand the expressive qualities of paint handling.In the 20th century these interests(19)_____ to the development of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract painting, which sought to (20)_____ and express the true nature of paintand painting through action and form.1.A. may have beenB. that may haveC. may haveD. that may have been2.A.seekB.soughtC.seek forD.sought for3.A.emergingB.emergencyC.mergingD.merger4.A.AsB.UnlikeC.LikeD.Since5.A.fromB.toC.intoD.for6.A.ratifyB.testifyC.certifyD.gratify7.A. make easyB. make it easyC. make hardD. make it hard8.A.extinctB.extentC.extantD.exterior9.A. had shiftedB. have shiftedC.shiftingD.shifted10.A.NeverthelessB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Therefore11.A.toB.inC.onD.for12.A.figureB.shapeC.shadowD.form13.A.extractedB.extendedC.extortedD.extruded14.A.closingB.closeC.closedD.closure15.A.onB.forC.inD.to16.A.breakB.breakageC.breakdownD.breaking17.A. concerned withB.concerningC.concerning withD.concerned forA.reactionB.actionC.interactionD.relation19.A.distributedB.attributedC.contributedD.construed20.A.discoverB.uncoverC.recoverD.cover2.B3.A4.B5.A6.B7.B8.C10.D11.C12.A13.B14.B15.D16.A17.A18.C19.C20.BDirections: Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete thepassage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Select the correct choice for each blank.Flight simulator (飞行模拟器 ) refers to any electronic or mechanical system fortraining airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating flight conditions.The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute(1)_____ actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle(2)_____before they(3)_____extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training.Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilotswith new (4)_____ to existing craft.Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the firstflight of Orville and Wilbur Wright.They were designed to enable pilots to stimulate simple aircraft(5)_____in three dimensions:nose up or down;left wing high and right low,or vice versa;and (6)_____to left or right.It took until 1929,however, for a truly effective simulator,the Link Trainer,to appear,devised by Edwin A.Link,a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton,New York.(7)_____, airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently topermit "blind" flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved(8)_____ risk.Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped (9)_____instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane.Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls(10)_____instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or (11)_____ climb or descent with no visual reference (12)_____any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel.The trainer was modified(13)_____aircraft technology mercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training, and the US government beganpurchasing them in 1934, (14)_____ thousands more as World War II approached.Technological advances during the war,particularly in electronics,helped to make the flight simulator increasingly (15)_____.The use of efficient analog computers in the early 1950s led to further improvements.Airplane cockpits, controls,and instrument displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything(16)_____the simplest light planes.By the1950s,the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely (17)_____ the cockpits of its planes.During the early 1960s (18)_____ digital and hybrid computers were adopted, and their speedand flexibility revolutionized simulation systems.Further advances in computer and(19)_____technology,notably the development of virtual-reality simulation,have made it possible to(20)_____highly complex real-life conditions.1.A.forB.toC.withD.on2.A.concerningB.concernC.being concernedD.concerned3.A.undertakeB.undergoC.underplayD.underuse4.A.modelsB.modificationsC.modifiersD.modica5.A. manifestationsB.manipulationsC.manifestoesD.maneuvers6.A.yawlingB.yawningC.yawingD.yawping7.A. From then onB. From now onC. By nowD. By then8.A.considerableB.considerateC.consideringD.considered9.A.forB.inC.withD.on10.A. on the part ofB. on the basis ofC. on the track ofD. on the verge of11.A.controlB.controllableC.controlledD.controller12.A.toB.forC.onD.in13.A. as forB. as toC.asD.for14.A. acquiringB.requiringC.sustainingD.retaining15.A.actualB.realisticC.realizingD.true16.A.exceptB.except forC.apart fromD.but17.A.replenishedB.replacedC.replicatedD.reposed18.A.electronicB.electricC.electricityD.electron19.A.programB.programmableC.programmedD.programming20.A.resurrectB.reproduceC.resuscitateD.resume2.D3.B4.B5.D6.C7.D8.A9.C10.B11.C12.A13.C14.A15.B16.D17.C18.A19.D20.B。