名词语法和练习题1. 定义名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机 构等专有的名称，如 Beijing ，China 等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象 概念的名词，如：book , Sadness 等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1） 个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如： gun 。
2） 集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如： family 。
3） 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如： air 。
4） 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如： work 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算， 称为可数名词， 物质名词和抽象名词一 般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。
2. 名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词） a. 一般情况在名词后加 -s 清辅音后读 /s/map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars b. 以s, sh, ch, X 等结尾的名词加-es 读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/boX-boXes c. 以ce, se, Ze 等结尾力卩-S 读 /iz/license-licensesd. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词把变y 为i 再加es 读 /Z/baby---babiese. 以 o 结尾的名词，变复数时：2) .力卩 es,如：POtatO--POtatOeS3) . 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可,如 zerO---zerOs / zerOes 。
1).力卩 s ，如：PhOtO---photospiano---pianos radio---radiosZoo---Zoos ；tomato--tomatoesf. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：1) .力□s,如：belief-beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs2) .去f, fe 力卩ves,如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---livesthief---thieves3）.上述a 和b 两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 3. 名词复数的不规则变化1 ）child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：由一个词加man 或woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women,女口an Englishman, two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman 是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形，女口deer, SheeP fish, Chinese, JaPanese, yuan等。
4. 名词所有格1）在英语中有些名词可以加“'”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，例如：Where's Lin Tao'bike?林涛的自行车在哪？2）如果原词已经有复数词尾-S则仅仅加一个“’”，例如：teachersOffiCe老师的办公室3）如果是复数，但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“'”，例如：those mens hats那些男士的帽子4）如果表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加“'”，例如：Jim' and Kate S glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5）如果表示共同的所有关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“'”，例如：Jim and Kate Skite 吉姆和凯特的风筝（两个人共同拥有的）6）如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所 修饰的名词，例如：Shall We go to Meime ' for SuPPer?我们一起到梅梅家去吃 饭，好吗？ 7）没有生命的名词所有格用 Of ,例如：ThiS is a photo Of my family.这是我家的 一张全家福。
练习题一. 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词Peach ink water zoo SiSter coffee knife Snow ice tea orange fridge jeeP rain wind car teacher muSic ear cola watermelon cherry 二. 写出下列名词的复数形式三. 填入所给名词的适当形式四. 将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类School PineaPPle Panda jacket Peach cat Pen library hat trouSerS rulerclaSSroom lemon dreSS tiger Playground ink eraSer Shirt elephant ballpoint -Pen COmPUter room deer PenCiI-CaSe Snake ShortS SockS 1. penCil 2. banana 3. Coat 4. wolf5. SChool building五、 选择题( )1.There iS ___________ on the table.b) Plate B.a plate C.plateS ( )2.I Can See many _________ in the garden.A. flowerSB.a flowerC.flowerS1. We have three_ ______ (pen).2. ThiS iS an_________________ (apple). 3. Where iS the___ ______ (penCil)? 4. There iS a little _ ________ in the bottle(juiCe). 5. Are you a_________________ (driver)? YeS, I am. 6. There are a few _________ (watCh)on the deSk. 7. Many ______________(Shelf)are in our SChool library.8. He haS Some_________ (ink). 9. The _____________ (girl)in red iS Mary. 10.How many ___ ____ (people)are there in your family? Three( )3.The _____ on the hills are all white.A. sheepB.sheeps( )4.These new ______ are for you.A. skirtB.shoe( )5.The clock has three ________A. legsB.leg( )6.They are not in the same _______ .A. classB.classes( )7.Is this your _______ ?A.a keyB.keys( )8.They are having ______ .A.a classB.English class( )9.There are so many _______ in the hall.A.peoplesB.people( )10.The ______ has some nice pictures.A.boysB.teachers( )11.The ______ are dancing at the party.A.womanB.women( )12.The _______ a re in Room408.A.studentB.a student( )13.Who 's that _____ ? She 's my mother.A.manB.woman( )14.The ______ are catching the thief.A.policemanB.policemen( )15.There are new ______ in my schoolbag.A.knifeB.knifes( )16. _____ jacket is it? May be it 's ______ .A.Who 's;TomsB.What;Tom 's( )17.The books are the _______ .A.teachers 'B.teachers( )18.There are a lot of children in the park on______________________________________________ Day.A.childrenB.Children 'sC.Childrens '( )19.Is it the twins 'bedroom? Yes,it is. It 's ________ bedroom.A.Ann and Anna 'sB.Ann 'sand Anna 'sC.Ann and Anna( )20.That is _______ dog. A.Tom 's B.Toms C.Tom( )21. _______ coats are very pretty. C.dog C.shirts C.faces C.familys C.keyC.Chinese class C.a people C.child C.man C.students C.women C.policemans C.knives C.Whose;Tom 's C.teacherA.Jim and Tim 'sB.Jim 's and Tim 'sC.Jim and Tim ()22.They are going to their ____ home for dinner.A.unclesB.uncleC.uncle 's ( )23.The big room is _______A.the twin 's( )24.March 8th is ____ .A.Woman 's DayB.twins B.Womans 'DayC.the twins ' C.Women 's Day( )1． There are ___________ days in a yea ．rA ．three hundred and sixty fiveB ． three hundred and sixty-fiveC ． three hundreds and sixty fiveD ． three hundreds and sixty — five ( )2． Danny lives in _________ ．A ．room 404B ． Room 404C ．404 roomD ．404 Room ( )3． Jim is in ． A ．class one ， grade six B ．grade one ， class six C ． Class One ，Grade Six D ．Grade One, Class Six( )4． The bike cost me _________ yua ．nA ．five hundred fortyB ．five hundreds fourtyC ． five hundred and fortyD ．five hundred fourty( )5． My telephone number is ___________ ．A ．eighty eight two forty four zero nineB ． eight eight two double four O nineC ． eighty eight two forty-four zero nineD ．eight eight two four four zero nine ( )6． Is there any food for us ________ ?A ．tenB ． tenthC ．the tenthD ．the ten ( )7． Mary is _________ girl ．A. an 8 year old B ．8 一 years —old C ．the 8 years old D ．an 8 一 year — old ( )8． —What day is today? — ____________A ．JuneB ．TuesdayC ．It is hotD ．It ' s fine( )9． — What ' s the date today?— __________A ．It 's SaturdaBy ． It 's JulCy ．It 's fineD ． It 's JuIy 15 ( )10．— What time do you get up every day?A ．It ' s seven o ' clBo ．ckSeven o ' clock time C ． At seven D ． On seven1．There are __________ days in a yea ．rA ． three hundred and sixty fiveB ． three hundred and sixty-fiveC ． threehundreds and sixty five D ．three hundreds and sixty —five ( )2． Danny lives in ． A ． room 404 B ．Room 404 C ．404 room D ． 404 Room ( )3． Jim is in ________ ．A ． class one ， grade sixB ．grade one ， class sixC ． Class One ，Grade SixD ．Grade One Class Six六、英汉互译。