P16Surface water 地表水Total solid 总固体Groundwater 地下水Scale-forming 结垢Finished waters 处理后的水Per-capita usage 人均用量Color 色度Turbidity 浊度Taste 味道Odor 臭味Nitrate 硝态氮Harmful metal ions 有害金属离子Organic chemicals 有机化学物质Pesticide 农药Chlorinated solvent 氯代溶剂U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美国环保局Hardness 硬度P17disposal 处置Drainage or sewer system 排水或污水系统Purification or treatment facilities 净化或处理设施effectiveness of treatment processes 处理工艺的有效性Biochemical 生化的Physicochemical 物理化学的Organic and nitrogen loading 有机和氮负荷Ammonia 氨气Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧Pollutional load 污染负荷Stream purification capacity 河流净化容量Effluent quality or effluent standard 出水质量或出水标准Nitrogen fertilizer 氮肥Organic chemicals 有机化学物质Municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) 市政污水处理厂P18Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Colloidal chemistry 胶体化学Radiochemistry 放射化学Contamination 污染Cleanup 清理Analytical chemistry 分析化学Sampling 采样Separation 分离Quantification 量化Leachate 渗滤液Aquifer 水体P19Urban population 城市人口Population density 人口密度combustion 燃烧Incinerator 焚烧炉Particulate matter 颗粒物质Visible 可见的Atmospheric inversion 大气逆温Respiratory tract 呼吸道Photochemical 光化学的Unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃Automobile exhaust gases 汽车尾气Ozone 臭氧Formaldehyde 甲醛Radioactive materials 放射性物质Nuclear power plant 核电厂Solar energy 太阳能Biomass 生物质Ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Methane甲烷Chlorofluorocarbons 氟利昂Greenhouse gases 温室气体P23organic chemistry 有机化学synthesis 合成liquid 水体中by-product 副产物impurities 杂质organic load 有机负荷formaldehyde 甲醛methanol 甲醇vital-force theory 生命力理论ammonium cyanate 氰化胺urea 尿素P24Elements (元素)hydrocarbon 烷烃nitrogen 氮phosphorous 磷sulfur 硫halogen 卤素P25Properties (性质)combustible 可燃的melting point 熔点boiling point 沸点soluble 可溶的formula 分子式isomerism 同分异构molecular 分子的ionic 离子的molecular weight 分子量Bacteria 细菌Sources (来源)fibers 纤维cellulose 纤维素starch 淀粉alkaloids 生物碱fermentation 发酵acetone 丙酮glycerol 甘油antibiotics 抗生素acid 酸microorganism 微生物P27Isomerism (同分异构现象)isomer 同分异构体hydroxy acid 羟基酸structural formula 结构分子式aliphatic 脂肪族aromatic 芳香族heterocyclic 杂环的Hydrocarbon (烃)Saturated hydrocarbons 饱和烃Unsaturated hydrocarbons 不饱和烃Paraffin series 链烷烃系列petroleum 石油gasoline 汽油Diesel fuel 柴油Methane 甲烷Marsh gas 沼气Natural gas 天然气Gas engines 燃气发动机Firedamp 瓦斯Greenhouse gas 温室气体Stratosphere 同温（平流）层P28methane 甲烷ethane 乙烷propane 丙烷butane 丁烷normal 正N-butane 正丁烷Prefix iso- 前缀isobutane 异丁烷Straight chain 直链Branched-chain 支链Room temperature 室温Homologous series 同族系列General formula 通用分子式P30nomenclature 系统命名法IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)国际纯粹化学和应用化学联合会strong base 强碱strong acid 强酸oxidizing agent 氧化剂concentrated sulfuric acid 浓缩的硫酸Oxidation 氧化substitution 取代pyrolysis 高温裂解cracking 裂化high-molecular-weight 高分子量petroleum industry 石油工业chemical synthesis 化学合成terminal carbon atoms 末端碳原子omega oxidation 末端氧化intermediate steps 中间步骤P32Unsaturated hydrocarbons ethylene series 烯类double bond 双键alkenes 链烯ethylene 乙烯propylene 丙烯butylene 丁烯pyrolysis of petroleum 石油高温裂解diolefins 二烯烃polyenes 多烯acetylene series 炔类triple bond 三键P34synthetic rubber 合成橡胶oxidation 氧化反应aqueous solution 水溶液potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾reduction 还原反应glycol 乙二醇catalysis 催化剂addition 加成反应halogen acid 卤酸hypochlorous acid 高氯酸polymerization 聚合反应polymer 聚合物resin 树脂fiber 纤维rubber 橡胶detergent 洗涤剂bacterial oxidation 细菌氧化P35Alcohols (醇类)alcohol 醇类aerobic condition 好氧条件degradation 降解hydroxy alkyl 氢氧烷基ionize 离子化neutral 中性的classification 分类primary alcohol 伯醇secondary alcohol 仲醇tertiary alcohol 叔醇P36 isopropyl alcohol 异丙醇methyl alcohol 甲醇ethyl alcohol 乙醇n-butyl alcohol 正丁醇carbon monoxide 一氧化碳enzyme 酶glucose 葡萄糖industrial alcohol 工业酒精distillation 蒸馏hydration 水合反应cornstarch 玉米淀粉waxy solid 蜡状固体hexadecanol 十六醇alkyl group 烷基团hydroxyl group 羟基团2-methyl-1-propanol 2-甲基-1-丙醇polyhydroxy alcohol 多羟基醇p ethylene glycol 乙烯二醇aldehydes 醛ketones 酮carbonyl group 羰基P41Ozonide 臭氧化物steam power plant 蒸汽发电机internal combustion engines 内燃机embalming 防腐biological specimens 生物标本dilution 稀释toxicity thresholds 毒性阈值nontoxic 无毒的activated sludge 活性污泥P42-P44acetaldehyde 乙醛condensation 缩合aldehyde resin paint 醛类树脂颜料dimethyl ketone 双甲基酮methyl ethyl ketone 甲乙酮2-butanol 2-丁醇solvent 溶剂monocarboxylic acid 单羧基酸polycarboxylic acid 多羧基酸hydroxyl group 羟基P48Ester 酯hydrolysis 水解reversible reaction 逆反应general formula 通用分子式butyl acetate 乙酸丁酯perfumes 香水flavoring extracts 调味料odor 气味immiscible 难溶的separation 分离purification 纯化antibiotics 抗生素hydrolyze 水解P49ether 醚strong dehydrating agents 强脱水剂fragments 断裂flammable 可燃的diethyl ether 乙醚anesthetic 麻醉剂flotation 上浮decantation 沉淀alkyl halide 卤化烃halogenated aliphatic compounds 卤代脂肪化合物industrial wastewater 工业废水municipal wastewater 市政污水maximum contaminant levels（MCLS）最大污染水平volatile 挥发性pollutants 污染物P50vinyl chloride 氯乙烯phosphorous 磷bromide 溴化物potassium cyanide 氰化钾nitrile 腈carbon chain 碳链methyl chloride 一氯甲烷ethyl chloride 一氯乙烷refrigerant 制冷剂P51lead 铅polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯contaminated groundwater 受污染的地下水sanitary 卫生的carcinogen 致癌的air pollutant 空气污染ethylene dibromide（EDB） 1，2-二溴乙烷pesticide 杀虫剂ingredient 成分dichloromethane 二氯甲烷chlorination 氯化反应P52chloroform 氯仿nonflammable 不可燃的microgram 微克disinfection 消毒natural water 天然水phosgene（COCl2）光气halogenated ethanes 卤乙烷industrial solvent 工业溶剂halogenated ethenes 卤乙烯degreaser 除油器P53-P56dibromochloropropane （DBCP）chloroflurocarbon 氟氯烃Trade name 商品名Freon 氟利昂fluorine 氟ultraviolet radiation 紫外光辐射greenhouse gas 温室气体ozone destruction 臭氧层破坏greenhouse effect 温室效应P57-P61Aromatic compoundscyclic group 环基aromatic compound 芳香族化合物aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物benzene ring 苯环parent compound 母体化合物kekule formula 凯库勒分子式polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）多环芳烃P62combustion product 燃烧产物chimney sweeps 烟道清扫creosote 防腐油chlorinated aromatic compound 含氯芳香烃化合物polychlorinated biphenyls 多氯联苯chlorinated benzene 氯苯P63hydrophobic 疏水性dichlorobenzene 二氯苯congener 同类vapor pressure 蒸气压capacitor 电容器plasticizer 增塑性biodegrade 生物降解anaerobic microorganisms 厌氧微生物P64phenols 酚monohydric phenol 一羟基酚carbolic acid 碳酸ionize 电离germicide 杀菌剂hemicellulose 半纤维Heterocyclic compounds 杂环化合物Dye 染料P71Sugar 糖Carbohydrate 碳水化合物monosaccharide 单糖Disaccharide 双糖polysaccharide 多糖hexose 乙糖glucose 葡萄糖xylose 木糖Galactose 半乳糖Lactic acid 乳酸P75Condensation product 浓缩产品Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纤维Hemicellulose 半纤维amylase 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉iodine 碘indicator 指示剂mammals 哺乳动物structural fiber 结构纤维sulfite 亚硫酸盐sulfate 硫酸盐pulping 纸浆subunit 亚单位digestive tract 消化系统ruminant 反刍动物P77-P84suspension 悬浮液preliminary treatment 预处理sedimentation 沉积作用anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化filtration 过滤centrifugation 离心incineration 焚烧pentose 戊糖lignin 木质素resin 树脂pitch 柏油脂pulping process 造纸工艺derivation 衍生物yeast 酵母菌P85-P86protein 蛋白质insulin 胰岛素amino 氨基ribonuclease 核糖核酸hemoglobin 血红蛋白nitrogen 氮oxygen 氧iron 铁hydrolytic enzyme 水解酶P87-P96detergent 洗涤剂ingredient 成分surface-active agent 表面活性剂surfactant 表面活性物质polar 极性sodium 钠potassium 钾rodent 利齿动物insect 昆虫categorize 分类herbicide 除草剂algicide 除藻剂fungicide 除菌剂chemical properties 化学特性toxic properties 毒性trace organics 微量有机物concentration 浓度impurity 杂质epidemiological 流行病学statistical study 统计学P97organ 器官kidney 肾liver 肝extraction 萃取gas chromatography（GC）气相色谱liquid chromatography（LC）液相色谱hexane 正乙烷immune 免疫的exudate 渗出物decomposition 分解polymeric 聚合phenolic 苯酚的humic substance 腐殖质excneta 排泄物aquatic plant 水生植物potential hazard 潜在危险P100Solubility 溶解性Hydrophobicity 疏水性Polarity 极性Volatility 挥发性Density 密度Sorption 吸附Transformation 转换Partitioning 分配Photochemical 光化学的P125Standard method 标准方法Parts per million (ppm) Parts per billion (ppb)Parts per trillion (ppt) International system of units (SI) Milligrams per liter (mg/L) Micrograms per liter (μg/L) nanograms per liter (ng/L)P133general operation 一般操作keystone 关键field investigation 野外调查specialized course 专业课程P134sample 采样instantaneously 瞬间的frequency of sample 采样频率grab sample 随机采样Composited sample 组合样品at regular intervals 一定间隔detention time 停留时间P135influent 进水effluent 出水apparatus 装置reagent 化学试剂solubility 溶解度coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数specification 规格precipitation 沉淀purity 纯度ignition 灼烧purification 纯化P136weight analysis 重量分析membrane 膜bound water 结合水filter paper 滤纸glass fiber filter 玻璃纤维滤纸porosity 孔隙barium sulfate 硫酸钡ferric hydroxide 氢氧化铁vessel 容器drainage 排水drying 烘干free water 自由水crystallization 结晶P137volatilization 挥发decomposition 分解desiccation 干燥evaporation dish 蒸发皿crucible 坩埚moisture 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度desiccator 干燥器anhydrous calcium chloride 无水氯化钙analytical balance 分析天平P139fixed solid 固定固体volatile solid 挥发固体time consuming 消耗时间的constant weight 恒重gross weight 毛重net weight 净重porcelain 陶瓷platinum ware 铂制器皿pretreatment 预处理P140semisolid sample 半固体样品volumetric analysis 容积分析standard solution 标准溶液glassware 玻璃器皿suitable strength 适当强度stoichiometric end point 化学当量终点calibrate 校正buret 滴定管cylinder 量筒calibrated glassware 标正玻璃器皿Indicator 指示剂P141-P157pipet 移液管chromic acid 铬酸normal solution 当量溶液primary standard 一级标准secondary standard 二级标准acid titration 酸滴定base titration 碱滴定oxidation reduction methods 氧化还原方法calculation 计算colorimetry 比色法spectrophotometer 分光光度计monochromatic light 单色光wavelength 波长linear coordinate paper 直角坐标纸nitrite 亚硝酸根calibration 校正turbidimetry 浊度剂法nephelometry 悬浮法precision 精度Accuracy 精确度P160Regulatory 法规acid rain 酸雨ozone layer 臭氧层World Health Organization 世界卫生组织Pollution awareness 污染意识spill 泄漏emission 散发sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫genetic code 基因代码reaction sequence 反应顺序analogous 相似的P171-P172global climate 全球气候visibility 可见度release 释放methyl isocyanate 甲基异氰酸盐leakage 渗漏hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢industrial accident 工业事故dosage 用量chronic effect 慢性作用acute effect 急性作用episodes 事件dose-response curve 用量-响应曲线P173synergism 协同作用hypothetical 假定的homogeneous 同种的pharmacology 药理学origin 起点hygiene 卫生学，保健法threshold limit values（TLVs）起点界限值P174-P177elimination 消除selenium 硒nutrient 营养物contracting 缩小epidemiological 传染学的aerosol 气溶胶ozone group 臭氧组control group 控制组mortality 致命inanimate object 无生命物质ozone concentration 臭氧浓度Infection 感染P178-P184autopsy 尸体解剖inbred 同系繁殖的human volunteer 人类志愿者asthmatics 气喘病患者parameter 参数community health 大众健康unambiguous 明显的proxy 代表meteorological situation 气象条件circulatory 循环mortality 致死morbidity 致病demographic 人口统计P184-P193regulation 法规curve 曲线radon 氡mitigate 缓解acidic deposition 酸沉积transparent 透明的light photon 光电子plume opacity 烟气上升haze 薄雾extrapolation 归纳。