虚拟语气一、语气（Mood）的定义和种类l、语气：是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：（1）陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

如：We don’t have dinner in that restaurant.What an adorable baby it is!（2）祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

如:Open the window, please. Take care of your suitcase.（3）虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

如：If I were you, I should study English well. May you succeed!例如：If I were a boy even just for a day, I’d roll out of bed in the morning and throw on what I wanted.——Beyince《If I were a boy》中文翻译只是需要表达意思，然而英文中，动词发生了变化，本来应该是am，现在为were，把时态往后面退了一步。

I’d roll中，would roll，根据初中所学，if表示主将从现，would roll是will roll的时态的退后。

可是为什么am的退后不是was而是were呢因为这是英语的习惯。

If he were (习惯)(is) telling the truth, he wouldn’t have told us.——Pirates of the Caribbean Would have done 表示对过去的推测If all the youths of America were as fortunate in securing an education as we have been, then the future of the United States would be more bright than it is today.——DreamMakes Me Catch TheOpportunity[通过虚拟来突出重要性，例：如果没有电..]阅读中方便理解，写作中可以用此句型表示强调。

考法：表示的是假的，如何时态退一步：五大类：一般现在时退为一般过去时，一般过去时退为过去完成时，现在进行时退为过去进行时还有情态动词，如：must be 退为must have done但我们还需记住一些标志词，如【表示假的】If【最常见】as if/though【好像】wish、if only、would rather【宁愿、宁可】例句：She is good at English, as if she were a American.[表示虚拟]should类的【傻的】I drop caps.Insist desire/demand recommend/require order command advice p suggest二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。

在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will climb the mountain.如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have told you about that. 如果他昨天见到你，他会告诉你那件事的。

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

列表如下：从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity togo abroad.与过去事实相反的假设If +主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would nothave failed in the exam.与将来事实相反的假设①If+主语+动词过去式②If+主语+were to+动词原形③If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have themeeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put offthe sports meeting.If he should not come tomorrow, we shouldput off the meeting till next Monday.If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。

如：If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have fai led in the exam.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。

如：If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would ,could, might) go to see my grandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。

If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

总结：1、对现在进行虚拟：例句：If I had time, I would attend the meeting.2、对过去进行虚拟：例句：If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.3、将来进行虚拟：例句：If I were to go abroad, I would go to America.注意：1、should在这里只是一个标志词，并不是一个情态动词，所以不要将其翻译成“应该”。

因为考题会出情态动词的选项，但他考查的其实是虚拟语气。

【考点意识】例如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would/could/should /might stay at home.2、主从句如果位置颠倒，也不能将公式中的词用错。

例如：We would/could/should /might stay at home, if it should rain tomorrow.3、would/could should/might + …翻译成“会”,几个词可以相互替换，但是将来虚拟中从句中should不可以被替换，因为是标志词。

题一：. If you ______that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.【一个过去一个现在，其实出现了时间上的交叉】A. didn't seeB. haven't seenC. wouldn't have seenD. hadn't seenif公式变形一：出现了时间上的交叉，即错综时间条件句4、定义：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

例如：If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。

Ifyouhadgonetobedearlylastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepy now.练习：1: If he had not gone out in the storm, _____A. he will be alive nowB. he would be alive nowC. he would have been alive nowD. he is a live now.2. If he___ to the teacher attentively just now, he___ the answer now.A. had listened, would have knownB. listened, would knowC. listened, would have knownD. had listened, would know5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式题二：_____ you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.A. DidB. HadC. WouldD. Shouldif公式变形二（1）省略连词if,构成虚拟语气的主谓倒装。

在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略【第一步】，把【were，had 或should】【我害的树】放到主语之前【第二步】，构成主谓倒装。

例如:Were I you (If I were you), I would not miss the plane.Should he come (If he should come), tell him to call me back.Had you come earlier (If you had come earlier), you would have met him.1.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you ____________ allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeentoday, he would get there by Friday.A. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left题三：. But for water, It _____ impossible to live in the earth.A. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldn’t be（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。