语法课第四讲——英语句子成分划分一、定义：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
二、种类：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、同位语等。
三、顺序：一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
四、分析：1．主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。
充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见）形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。
2．谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。
谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）I have a dream.You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。
3．宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。
充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）You don’t find opportunities…you make them.你找不到机会。
你得去创造机会。
You probably won’t hear oppor tunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。
4．表语：说明主语的身份和情况。
(跟在系动词后) 构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句Time is money.Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。
5．补语：补充说明。
（由动词类别来决定）构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing 形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词小品词10）名词从句主语补语：Tom was made monitor.宾语补语：I made Tom monitor.表语补语：I am sure to succeed.6.定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。
构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing 形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。
7.同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.8.状语：修饰词，短语，从句和整句。
位置：自由自在。
1）修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。
Can you feel the love tonight?Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。
2）连接性状语：连接上下文（顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比较）。
First comes spring, then summer.I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.3)评述性状语：修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。
Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.五．成分关系1．补语跟着宾语表语跑：补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。
把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。
To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.（宾补）We are made happy to love othe rs…we are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。
2．定语，同位（语）专把名词踹：定语，同位语修饰名词性形式Experience is the best teacher.（被定语所修饰的形式为名词）They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位语所修饰的形式为名词）3．谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach for t he stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。
英语句子成分专项练习一(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 (4分，4分钟)① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分，10分钟)① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）① My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④ How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D⑦ They made him monitor of the class.A B C D⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 (5分，5分钟)① The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D② Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D③ The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D⑤ She was the first to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 (6分，6分钟)① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given name?A B C D③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分，6分钟)① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D② He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D③ She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D④ They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟）① There was a big smile on her face.A B C D② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.A B C D⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 (5分，5分钟)① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?英语句子成分专项练习一答案(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D(四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D(六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语。