1．Romance: a long composition, in verse or in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, especially for the knight. The most popular theme employed was the legend of King Arthur and the round table knight. 2．Ballad民谣: a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the
second and fourth lines rhymed.
3．Heroic Couplet英雄偶句诗
4．
5．
6．
7．the old classical works,
8．
interest in Greek and Roman works. This tendency is known as Neoclassicism. 9．Sentimentalism感情主义: it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18 century. It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions, and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinking, passion over reason.
10．Romanticism: imagination, emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include: subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; freedom from rules; solitary life rather then life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason; and love of and worship of nature. 11．Lake Poets: the English poets who lived in the
12．Byronic Heroes拜伦式英雄: a variant of the
13
for literature, fine art,
14．
without any clarification
16．
feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable,
that is, with each foot an iamb.
17．Epic史诗: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. 18．Elegy挽歌: a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual;
may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem.
19．Spenserian Stanza斯宾塞诗体: a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine. Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc.
This stanza was common to travel literature.
1.(杰弗里乔叟）：
伯雷故事集》（
2.Thomas More: Utopia《乌托邦》
比亚对原始积累时期新兴资产阶级中的极端利已主义进行了深刻的揭露和批判。
（2）《李尔王》描写一个专制独裁的昏君，由于刚愎自用，遭受到一场悲惨的结局。
悲剧的目的同样在于揭露原始积累时期的利已主义，批判对于权势、财富的贪欲。
悲剧还反映了当时广大农民流离失所的英国现实。
在第三幕第四场里，李尔被两个女儿驱逐出门以后，跑到暴风雨的荒野，诅咒女儿忘恩负义。
在雷电交加中，
李尔对穷苦的人们喊道：“衣不蔽体的不幸的人们，无论你们在什么地方，都得忍受着这样无情的暴风雨的袭击，你们的头上没有片瓦遮身，你们的腹中饥肠雷动，你们的衣服千疮百孔，怎么抵挡得了这样的气候呢？”这里，莎士比亚通过李尔的口表达了他对无家可归的农民的同情，同时也是对当代现实的揭露。
但是，紧接着上面那段话之后，李尔说道：“安享荣华的人们呵，睁开你们的眼睛来，到外面来体味
（3
（4
题。
他说自己有重整乾坤，挽狂澜于既倒的责任。
他考虑问题的各个方面，又怕泄漏心事，又怕鬼魂是假</PGN0315.TXT/PGN>的，怕落入坏人的圈套，心烦意乱，忧郁不欢，只好装疯卖傻。
同时，他叔父也怀疑他得知隐秘，派人到处侦察他的行动和心事。
甚至利用他的两个老同学和他的情人去侦察他。
他趁戏班子进宫演出的机会，改编一出阴谋杀兄的旧戏文《贡札古之死》叫戏班子演出，来试探叔父。
戏未
演完，叔父做贼心虚，坐立不住，仓皇退席。
这样，更证明叔父的罪行属实。
叔父觉得事情不妙，隐私可能已被发觉。
宫内大臣波洛涅斯献计，让母后叫儿子到私房谈话，自己躲在帷幕后边偷听；王子发现幕后有人，以为是叔父，便一剑把他刺死。
从此，奸王使用借刀杀人法，派他去英国，并让监视他去的两个同学带去密信一封，要英王在王子上岸时就杀掉他；但被哈姆莱特察觉半路上掉换了密信，反而叫英王
C:鉴
《李》剧中也有两条平行
《李》剧中暴雨荒原
《威尼斯商人》，As You Like It《皆大欢喜》；Twelfth Night《第十二夜》悲喜剧：Romeo
and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
5. Paradise Lost《失乐园》（a revolt against God's authority), Paradise Regained《复乐园》（how Christ overcame Santa) ——stories were taken from
Bible
6.John Bunyan: the son of Renaissance; Pilgrim's Progress《天路历程》
(imagination, shadowing, realistic religious allegory)
7.George Gordon Byron: vigorous, strong and beautiful; Childe Harold's Pilgrimage《恰尔德哈罗尔德游记》(spenserian stanza, fights for liberty); Don Juan《唐璜》(a broad critical picture of European life); When We Two Parted《昔日依依别》；She Walks in Beauty
Greece《哀希腊》
8.: Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》-
and Prejudice
《理智与情感》；
10.: A Tale of Two Cities
is revolution);
；Hard Time《艰
Son《董贝父子》；Pickwick
11.《我已故的公爵夫人》 7.The Bronte Sisters: ：简·爱是一个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性，她生活在社会底层，受尽磨难。
但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神。
小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写，引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历，歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见。
扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情，具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量。
其最为成功之
处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗，敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象。
Emily: Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》：描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女
进行报复的故事。