Carbon & energy source + nitrogen source + O2 + other requirements
→ Biomass + Product + byproducts + CO2 + H2O + heat
Fermentation media
Nutrient Carbon Nitrogen
生物素
e.g. amino acids, vitamins, biotin Sources: normally organic nitrogen source
e.g. corn steep liquor
从广义上讲，凡是微生物生长不可缺少的微量的有机 物质，如氨基酸、嘌呤、嘧啶、维生素等均称生长因子。
? Corn steep liquor is the water extract byproduct resulting from the steeping of corn during the commercial production of corn starch and other corn products .
麸皮水解液
corn steep liquor powder
3. Trace elements
Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cl, Mo, Cu
主要元素
P、S、Mg、K、Ca；
微量元素
Fe、Cu、 Mn 、Zn、Mo、 Co、B
4. Growth factors
Small amount of organic compounds necessary for microbial growth.
如以糖质原料为碳源的谷氨酸生产菌均为生物素缺陷 型，以生物素为生长因子,生长因子对发酵的调控起到重 要的作用 。
有机氮源是这些生长因子的重要来源，多数有机氮源 含有较多的B簇维生素和微量元素及一些微生物生长不可 缺少的生长因子
前体指某些化合物加入到发酵培养基中，能直接被微生 物在生物合成过程中合成到产物物分子中去，而其自身的结 构并没有多大变化，但是产物的产量却因加入前体而有较大 的提高。
Raw material 糖蜜
molasses, starch 玉米浆
corn steep liquor, soybean meal,
pure ammonia or ammonium salts,
尿素 urea, nitrate salts, phosphate salts
Vitamins and growth factors
?For use
?Basic medium ?Enriched medium ?Differential medium ?Selective medium
?Manufacture intention
?Seed medium ?Ferment medium
Nutrient sources for industrial fermentation
Medium Development
? To maintain economic competitiveness, low-cost crude materials are frequently used
? Levels of minerals and growth factors may be critical
2
Kinds of culture media
?The source of media constituent
?Complex media ?Synthetic or defined media ?Semi-defined medium
?Physics states
?Liquid medium ?Solid medium ?Semi-solid medium
(NH 4)2SO4 ? 2NH 3 + H 2SO4 NaNO 3 + 4H 2 ? NH 3 + 2H 2O +NaOH
(2) Organic nitrogen sources
?Urea ?Yeast extract ?Peptones 蛋白胨 ?Corn steep liquor ?Soybean cake powder ?Peanut powder ?Bran hydrolysis liquid
Unit 1 Industrial Fermentation Medium
The basic ingredients of media include carbon source 、nitrogen source 、inorganic salt 、growth factor and distilled water etc.
青霉素：分子量356
苯乙酸:分子量136
作用：前体有助于提高产量和组份。 用法：前体使用时普遍采用流加的方法
前体一般都有毒性，浓度过大对菌体的生长不利 苯乙酸，一般基础料中仅仅添加 0.07%
前体相对价格较高，添加过多，容易引起挥发和氧化， 流加也有利于提高前体的转化率
Corn steep Liquor, CSL
? Cheaper
2. Nitrogen source
(1) Inorganic nitrogen source
? Ammonia, ammonium and nitrate 硝酸盐
? Microbes can utilize it faster. ? After it is utilized, the pH of medium will be changed.
生物素
biotin, yeast extract, beef extract,
corn steep liquor, wheat germ
meal
小麦胚芽粉Βιβλιοθήκη 1. Carbon sources
(1) Starch (corn, wheat, potato )
?Widely used in fermentation industry
糊精
?Starch ? ? dextrin ? glucose ?Advantages: cheaper than glucose
(2) Molasses
?Byproduct of cane or beet sugar production
粘性的
?A dark viscous syrup containing 50% -75% fermentable sugars (mainly sucrose) with 2% nitrogen, vitamins and minerals