有机化学专业英语词汇（精）有机化学专业英语词汇 （ 精）acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰 acid 酸 -al醛alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl （ 丙烯基 ）] alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane 烷 anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶 -ate 含氧酸 的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁 基 iso- 异，等，同 -iteketo- 酮 ketone 酮 -lactone 内酯6mega- 10 meta- 间， 氧基 methyl 甲基亚酸盐methoxy- 甲-carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -carboxylic acid 羧酸-2 centi- 10 -2chloro- 氯 代cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、 冷凝的 cyclo- 环deca- 十 deci 10 -1 -dine 啶 dodeca-十二-ene 烯 epi- 表 epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基 ethyl 乙基 fluoro- 氟代 form 仿-glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基 hypo- 低级 的，次 hyper- 高级的，高 -ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替 胺，酐 -il 偶酰 -imine 亚胺 iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代mono- ( mon-) —，单-9nano- 10n itro- 硝基n itroso- 亚硝基nona-九nonadeca-十九octa-八octadeca-十八-oic酸的-ol醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous亚酸的，低价金属oxa--oxide氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo-酮oxy-氧化-oyl 酰para-对位，仲penta-五pentadeca-十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phe no l/phe no xide 苯酚phenyl 苯基-12-12pico- 10poly-聚，多quadri-四quinque-五semi-半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym-对称syn-顺式，同，共ter-二tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca-十一uni-单，一un sym-不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene撑(二价基，价在不同原子上) -yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compo unds of carb on 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物Derivative 衍生物orga nic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构Chemical bond 化学键covale nt bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond len gth 键长bond angle 键角bond energy 键能polarity 极性dissociati on energy 离解能constitution 构造contiguration 构型con formati on 构象stereochemistry 立体化学tetrahedral 正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism 同分异构现象isomer 异构体micro- 10-3 mil i- 10 -3stereoisomer 立体异构constitutional isomer 构造异构structural formula 结构式octet 八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation 重叠式构象staggered conformation 交叉式构象newman projection 纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compound 链状化合物carbocyclic compound 碳环化合物heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极- 偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment 偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property 物理性质melting point 熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism 反应机理homolysis 均裂free redical 自由基heterolysis 异裂ionic type 离子型electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂electrophilic reaction 亲电反应nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型［的］Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型［的］Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰［基］正离子Benzylic cation 苄［基］正离子aromatic ion 芳［基］正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构［现象］Acid form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构［现象］Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudo asymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位［的］Heterotopic 异位［的］Enantiotopic 对映异位［的］Diastereotopic 非对映异位［的］Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性［的］Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性［的］Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Newman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名体系R-S system of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映［异构］体Diastereomer 非对映［异构］体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基［差向］异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E 异构体Z isomer Z 异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R 基团Pro-S proup 前S 基团Re face Re 面Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solidsolution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象的Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Antiperiplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象anticlinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation/skew conformation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropisomer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封 [ 型] 象Axial bond 直[立] 键Equatorial bond 平[ 伏 ] 键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereoselectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram's rube 克拉姆规则Prelog 'rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体化学］取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbital method 分子轨道Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel 'rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring current 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[ 化] 重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应MobiusIpso position 本位Ortho positionsystem 默比乌斯体系Lewis structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮- 烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚- 酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺- 烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环- 链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[ 的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acidic solvent 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate acid 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Thermodynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donor-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[ 体] 受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[ 的] Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution(with allylic rearrangement) 双分子亲核取代( 含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substirution 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitution 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic substitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substitution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecular electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with formation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂n -allyl complex mechanism n 烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾, 碳烯Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov 's rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitution 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性a -effect a - 效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance/anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann's rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键［的］部分固定化2．3 有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C- 烷基化O- alkylation O- 烷基化N-alkylation N- 烷基化Silylation 硅烷［基］化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative halogenation 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosati on 亚硝化Sulfo natio n 磺化Chlorosulfo natio n 氯磺酰化Desulfo nati on 脱磺酸基Sulfe nylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfe natio n 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarb on ylatio n 氯羰基化Diazotizati on 重氮化Diazo tran sfer重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diaz on ium coupli ng 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1 , 4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimerizati on 三聚Additivedimerizati on 力口成二聚sulfurizati on 硫化Sele ny lati on 币硒化Hydroborati on 硼氢化Oxyam in ati on 羟氨基化In serti on 插入carb ony lati on羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 力口氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarb ony lati on 脱羰Hydrocarboxylati on 氢羧基化Homologizati on 同系化Cyano ethylati on氰乙基化Decya no ethylati on 脱氰乙基Ri ngclsure 环合Die ne syn thesis 双烯合成Die nophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reacti on 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene syn thesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar additi on 偶极加成Dehydrohaloge nati on 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimi natio n 热解消除Elim in ati on-additi on 消除-力口成Decarboxylati on 脱羧Decarboxamidati on 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基cleavage 烷基裂cleavage酰基裂解闪热裂碎裂Chelatropic reacti on 螯键反应Chelatio n 螯环化Esterificatio n 酉旨化Tran sesterificatio n 酉旨交换Sapon ificati on 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Etha nolysis 乙醇解Cyano methylati on 氰甲基化Ami no methylatio n 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylati on 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylatio n 羟烷基化Cholromethylatio n 氯甲基化Haloalkylatio n 卤烷基化Tran sacetalati on缩醛交换En olizati on 烯醇化Haloform reacti on 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol conden sati on 羟醛缩合Acyl oin conden sati on 偶姻缩合Cyclizatio n 环化Annu lati on,ann elati on 增环反应Alkylolysis/alkyl解Acylolysis,acylFlash pyrolysisFragme ntati on烯丙型电化学氧化脱催化氢化Spiroa nnu lati on 螺增环Autoxidati on自氧化Allylic氢过氧化Epoxidati on 环氧化Oxo nolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical 氧化Oxidative decarboxylati on Aromatizati on 芳构化Catalytic hydroge nati on Heteroge neous hydroge nati on氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydroge nati on Tran sfer hydroge nati on Hydroge no lysis氢解Dissolvi ng metal 属还原onSi ngle electro n tran sfer 移Bimolecular reducti onElectrochemical 还原ctionReductive alkylati on Reductiveacylati on Reductivedimerizati on Deoxygenation脱氧Desulfurizati on 脱硫Desele ni zati on 脱硒Mitallati on 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallati on 氢金属化Mercurati on 汞化Oxymercurati on 羟汞化Ami no mercurati on 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取［反应］ Internal abstracti on Rearrangement 重排Prototropic 移a t排ngeme nt Double bond migrati on Allylic rearra ngeme ntAllylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ringcon tracti on 环缩小［反应］Ringexpa nsion,ring enl argeme nt扩环［应］ketol rearra ngeme nt酮醇重排Pin acol rearra ngeme nt 频哪醇重排Retrop in acol rearran geme nt 逆频哪重排Semip in acol rearra ngeme nt 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migratio n 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Aniono tropy 负离子转移An io notropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement 单键迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearra ngeme nt 亲电重排Photose nsitizati on 光敏化Forbidde n transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerizati on 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2. 4有机化合物类名Aliphatic compou nd 脂肪族化合物Hydrocarbon碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax蜡Paraffi n wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydroge n compo unds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸催化脱转移氢化溶解金单电子转双分子还原电化学还原烷基化还原酰化还原二聚内夺取［反应］质了转双键移位烯丙型重排Super acid 超酸Diene双烯Triene 三烯Alle ne 丙二烯Ccumule ne累积多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Ami ne 胺Quater naryam moniumcompound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfo nic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Deto ne 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Keto ne hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithia ne 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟n itroso compo und 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 吖嗪，连氮Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pin acol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enamine 烯胺Yn ami ne 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl bromide 酰溴Acyl iod ine 酰碘Carbobe nzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Ison itrile 异腈Amide酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compou nd N- 溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyan amide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allopha nate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Enol ester 烯醇酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡［萄］糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。