第一课:主语(名词、代词)She is my mother.They are beautiful.1、动名词(作主语):做过的、有经验、已经事实动词ingStuding english it is fine.2、未作的事情、目的、梦想、计划、理想用不定式(作主语)To 动词原形To buy sth is one of plans.To see him is my purpose.To study abroad is my dream.3、(不定式)主语太长,用it代替,不定式短语放在后面(动名词改成to不定式)It is my plan to study abroad with my friend jone.4、句子作主语要变成名词从句----前面用thatThat she studys hard is true.T hat he doesn't agree with me makes me angry.5、句子长时(作主语)用it代替It makes me angry that he doesn’t agree with me.名词从句有三种:戴慧怡:that引导;whether(yes、no回答的,问句变成的句子做主语)引导;疑问词开头(不能用yes、no回答的疑问句---特殊问句)That she studys hard is true.Is she beautiful ?Whether she is(不能倒装) beautiful remains to be seen.Where will he go?Where he will go(不能倒装) is still a question.To bo a teacher is my dream.Mingic daici budingshi juzi wenju zuoshuyi第三课1、及物动词两种语态:主动或被动我。
他I love her. 主动他被我。
her is loved by me. 被动(be+过去分词)(1)完全及物动词:动词加宾语(名词、代词)后意思完整I hate him.(2)不完全及物动词:动词加宾语后意思不完整叫、让、强迫。
sb do sthMake:完全及物动词:I make a chiar.制作不完全及物动词(+补语):I make him happy.使……2、完全不及物动词(不能被动语态):两种用法(1)主语+完全不及物动词Dance:I dance.(2)主语+be+完全不及物动词ing(现在分词):(当时正在、现在正在)进行时I am dancing.He was running.3、不完全不及物动词(be、become、get):+补语(名词、形容词)He became beautiful.He got angry(med).变得4、授予动词(dative verb):有两个宾语。
第一个宾语指人为间接宾语,第二个宾语指物为直接宾语.Give:I give him a car.I bought him abook. 我买了一本书给他I will give him something.我将会给他些东西。
I ask him a question. 我问了他一个问题。
当直接宾语在前,间接宾语在后时,通常要加一个介词“to” “for(有劳务性)”等。
(1)I give a book to him.I told him a story.·I told a story to him.我给他讲了一个故事。
(2)I bought a book for him. (有劳务性)不能用toI made a chair for him. (有劳务性) 不能用to(3)表示“从……中得取……”时用“from”I have heard a lot from John.我跟约翰了解了很多。
(4)Ask、“demand”要求、requre 从.....要求、rob抢劫……要与of并用From now on I will expect nothing of him.从现在起我不对他有任何指望了。
He rob me of my money.He asked a question of me.他向我问了一个问题。
“require”要求He requires nothing of me.他对我没有什么要求了。
“deprive”剥夺(公民权)、ease减轻(形容词为easy)要与of并用The task is not easy.这个任务不容易。
I feel uneasy.我感到不安Lesson 4She became beautiful.她变得美丽了。
He got angry.他变得生气。
“get”表示“被”的意思时,后面用过去分词作补语。
She got hurt.她受伤了。
Charming妩媚“turn”表示“变成”为不及物动词。
The leaves are turning yellow.树叶正变成黄色。
完全及物动词:指加了宾语意思很完全。
Don’t hit me.不要打我。
I made a chair.我制造了一把椅子。
出现的形态有三种。
1)主语+完全及物动词+宾语I love him.我爱他。
2)主语+be动词后面有宾语时,此及物动词用ing的形态。
(即:现在分词的形态)I was hitting him.我当时正在打他。
“have”表示“有”。
(及物动词没有进行时即为————瞬间动词)I had dinner an hour ago.一个小时前我吃晚饭了。
3)及物动词如果后面没有宾语时,主语+be动词+过去分词的形态不完全及物动词:指动词是一个及物动词,但是意思没有完全。
I made him happy.我使他快乐。
“make”+宾语+原形动词作宾语的补足语。
“bid”吩咐(过去时“bade” )Cause促使、迫使、强迫(此类动词加宾语后,通常放不定式短语作宾语补足语)I will force him to do it.我将会迫使他做那件事。
Lesson 8五大句型(五种动词)1)主语+完全及物动词“faint”晕倒(完全不及物动词)He fainted.他晕倒了。
He fainted when he heard the bad news.听到这个坏消息他晕倒了。
“past away”过世I don’t know when he will come.我不知道他什么时候来。
2)主语+不完全不及物动词+补足语(名词、形容词)I’m a teacher.我是一个老师。
He is handsome.他很帅气。
He is energetic. “energetic”精力充沛a。
He looks happy.他看起来很高兴。
感官动词look、taste、3)主语+完全及物动词+宾语“dump”垃圾堆,甩his girlfriend just dump him.I want to see him.我要见他。
(表示plan计划、愿望、期望的完全及物动词用to不定式做宾语)I think that he is nice.我想他是一个好人。
(名词从句作宾语)I wonder why she is crying.(wonder 后面不可以+that的从句,而用疑问词引出的从句)我想知道她为什么哭。
I like to dance.我喜欢跳舞。
I like dancing.Hate、Like 后可用动名词或不定式enjoy、dislike后面只能用动名词I dislike doing it.我不喜欢做它。
Lesson 10把两个句子连在一起,注意以下两点:1)注意标点符号2)注意连词(并列连词、连接副词……)She is a good student;I like him very much.她是一个好学生,我很喜欢她。
“dash”破折号He is a good student——he studies hard every day.他是一个好学生——他每天学习很努力。
She is a good student,so(and) I like her very much.她是一个好学生,因此(同时、而且)我也很喜欢她。
I like him very much because he is a good student.我很喜欢他,因为他是一个好学生。
Because he is a good student,I like him very much.He is a good student,so I like him very much.他是一个好学生,我很喜欢他。
英语中“because”(因为)与“so”(所以)不可以连用。
“familiar”熟悉的“though”(虽然)与“but”(但是)不可以连用。
Though he is nice,I don’t like him.He is nice,but(yet)I don’t like him.虽然他很好,但是我不喜欢他。
Lesson 12连词:包含并列连词,连接副词。
并列连词:指可以连接两个对等的单词、短语、从句等。
最基本的有三个——and,or,but。
John and I enjoy singing.约翰和我喜欢英语。
Are you right or wrong?你是对的还是错的呢?主句:指开头是主语,后面加动词的句子。
可以搭配连词引导的从句。
She failed because she was lazy.她失败了因为她很懒。
She failed because she was lazy.She failed because she was lazy and ugly.He is in Beijing but Dalan.He is not handsome but ugly.他不帅,而是丑。
连接副词:又称副词连词。
除了三个基本并列连词之外,其他通常为连接副词。
不能连接对等的单词、短语,只能放在主语前面,使整个句子变成副词从句(状语从句)。
Lesson 13Is he kind or mean?他到底是好呢,还是坏呢?(连接两个对等的单词)“mean”邪恶的,坏的,小气的“stingy”吝啬的,小气的She is nice but I don’t like her.她很好但是我不喜欢她。
(but连接两个对等的主句)He is not kind but mean.他的心肠不好而是卑鄙。
(but连接两个对等的单词,与not连用)“fond”喜欢的Peter and I are fond of music. (and连接两个对等的单词—主语,用复数are)Peter as well as I is fond of music.彼得和我喜欢音乐。