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SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳

蛋白质亚基分子量测定SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳一目的掌握SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳测定蛋白质亚基分子量的基本原理和操作方法二原理SDS是一种阴离子去污剂,作为变性剂和助溶性试剂,能断裂分子内和分子间的氢键,使分子去折叠,破坏蛋白质分子的二级、三级结构;而强还原剂,如二硫苏糖醇、β-巯基乙醇能使半胱氨酸残基之间的二硫键断裂。

因此,在样品和凝胶中加入SDS和还原剂后,蛋白质分子被解聚为组成它们的多肽链,解聚后的氨基酸侧链与SDS结合后,形成带负电的蛋白质-SDS胶束,所带电荷远远超过了蛋白质原有的电荷量,消除了不同分子间的电荷差异;同时,蛋白质-SDS聚合体的形状也基本相同,这就消除了在电泳过程中分子形状对迁移率的影响。

基于上述SDS-PAGE的原理介绍,我们可以利用SDS-PAGE电泳进行未知蛋白质的分子量测定;以不同分子量的标准蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳得到不同标准蛋白的电泳迁移率,制作标准校正曲线,然后对未知蛋白在相同条件下进行SDS-PAGE电泳,测定迁移率,从标准曲线得到相应的分子量三试剂和器材试剂:1低分子量标准蛋白质2 待测蛋白质样品(用上次测定的可溶性蛋白样液)3 凝胶贮液:30g丙烯酰胺,0.8g甲叉双丙烯酰胺,溶于100ml蒸馏水中,过滤,于4°暗处贮存,一个月内使用4 1mol/l,PH8.8 Tris-HCl 缓冲液,Tris121g溶于蒸馏水,用浓盐酸调至PH8.8,以蒸馏水定容至1000ml5 10%(w/v)SDS6 10%(w/v)过硫酸铵溶液(当天配)7 四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)8 电极缓冲液PH8.3:Tris30.3g,甘氨酸144.2g,SDS 10g,溶于蒸馏水并定容至1000ml,使用时稀释10倍。

9 2×样品稀释液:SDS 500mg,巯基乙醇1ml ,甘油3ml, 溴酚蓝4mg,1mol/L Tris-HCL (pH6.8),用蒸馏水溶解并定容至10ml,按每份1ml分装,可在4℃存放数周,或在-20℃保存数月。

以此液制备样品时,样品若为液体,则加入与阳平等体积的原液混合即可。

10 固定液:500ml 乙醇,100ml冰醋酸,用蒸馏水定容至1000ml11 脱色液:250ml乙醇,80ml冰醋酸,用蒸馏水定容至1000ml12 染色液:0.29g考马斯亮蓝R-250溶解在250ml脱色液中器材:微量进样针,电泳仪,电泳槽四操作步骤1分离胶制备:凝胶浓度5% 7.5% 10% 12.5% 15%凝胶贮液ml 5 7.5 10 12.5 151mol/LPH8.8 Tris-HClml 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2水ml 13.7 11.2 1.2 8.7 3.710% SDS ml 0.310% 过硫酸铵ml 0.1TEMED (μL) 20将上述胶液配好,混匀后,迅速加入两块玻璃板间隙中,使胶液面与矮玻璃和高玻璃之间形成凹槽处处平齐,而后插入“加样梳”,在室温下放置1小时左右,分离胶即可完全凝集。

凝聚后,慢慢取出“加样梳”,取出时应防止把加样孔弄破,取出“加样梳”后,在形成的加样孔中加入蒸馏水,冲洗未凝集的丙烯酰胺,倒出加样孔中的蒸馏水后,在加入已稀释的电极缓冲液。

2, 样品制备:标准蛋白质制备待测蛋白样品制备:液体待测样品,可取500μL,加入等体积的“2×样品稀释液”,混匀,在沸水浴中加热5min,取出,冷却至室温备用。

若液体待测样品蛋白质浓度太稀可经浓缩后再制备。

3,点样用微量进样针吸取上述蛋白质样品20μL分别加入到各个加样孔中,为了获得准确的结果,每个样品应做两次重复。

4,电泳将电泳槽与电泳仪连结,在电泳槽中加入已经稀释的电极缓冲液,打开电源,选择合适电压,保持恒电压300V,进行电泳,直至样品中燃料迁移至离下端1cm处,停止。

5,固定,染色,脱色将凝胶浸入考马斯亮蓝染色液中,置摇床上缓慢震荡30min以上(染色时间需根据凝胶厚度适当调整)。

取出凝胶在水中漂洗数次,再加入考马斯亮蓝脱色液、震荡。

凝胶脱色至大致看清条带约需1h,完全脱色则需更换脱色液2~3次,震荡达24h以上。

凝胶脱色后可通过扫描、摄录等方法进行蛋白质定量检测。

淀粉酶活性电泳浓缩胶(单板):水:1.8ml 凝胶贮液:0.5ml PH6.8缓冲液:0.78ml10%SDS :34μL TEMED:30μL10%AP:25μL上样要少,4μL即可;电泳完毕后,胶用清水冲洗两遍,再用2mol/l Tris溶液浸泡1h;蒸馏水洗干净,倒入1%淀粉溶液,震荡水浴锅中,37°反应10min;取出,加入碘-KI(0.2%:2%)溶液显色;灯箱观察拍照。

糖电泳电极缓冲液0.09 MTris0.08M硼酸2.6mMEDTA胶7.5ml凝胶贮液15ml贮液7.5ml水TEMED 60 微升10%AP 90微升贮液0.2 Mtris0.2m 硼酸2mmEDTA进样缓冲液4×2M蔗糖(10ml贮液)在实验中, 对电泳缓冲系统进行了改进, 即采用pH 9.4 硼砂- 氢氧化钠缓冲液; 同时对电泳条件进行了优化探讨, 重点对多糖PAS染色方法进行研究, 得到较佳的多糖和糖蛋白电泳后的PAS染色法:即先用10%TCA 处理5 min; 再用1% 高碘酸处理15 min; 蒸馏水洗涤3 次, 每次5 min; 倒入Schiff试剂避光染色30 min; 然后用0.5% 偏重亚硫酸钠洗3 次, 每次5 min。

以上各步均在室温下及转速为85 r·min-1 的脱色摇床中进行, 于7% 的醋酸溶液中保存。

此法操作更加简便, 染色处理过程更加快速, 所需时间为1.8 h。

(王玉琪,巫光宏, 林先丰, 贺丽平, 黄卓烈.多糖和糖蛋白聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳染色方法的改进.植物生理学通讯, 2009,45(2):169-172)阿利辛蓝-硝酸银染色1. 1 mg/ml 阿利辛蓝水溶液30min,吸走染料2.除离子水洗涤数次,并可以在除离子水中过夜3.胶在3.4 mM重铬酸钾-3.2 mM 硝酸中处理7min,除离子水水洗数次4.凝胶浸泡在12 mM硝酸银(100w日光灯下30-40cm)处理25min5.吸走硝酸银,迅速倒入0.28M碳酸钠(含有6mM甲醛),然后迅速倒掉6.重新倒入该溶液,将胶浸没后再次倒掉7.再次倒入该溶液, 直到显色, 加入0.1M醋酸溶液冲洗,终止反应。

硝酸银染色PAGE+50%乙醇洗三次,15min/c i2%硫代硫酸钠稀释50倍染12min, 水洗3次,20s2%硝酸银稀释10倍,染20 min,水洗3次。

每次10s6%碳酸钠(50µ/100ml甲醛)显色,直到清晰,10%乙酸终止活性物质的SDS-PAGE电泳检测(夹层胶电泳)参照孙雪文等建立的Tricine-SDS-PAGE系统,对纯化的Fengycins进行电泳检测。

具体电泳体系见(表5-1,表5-2,表5-3):表T ricin-SDS-PAGE电泳溶液T able Stock sollutions for T ricine-SDS-PAGE缓冲液Tris(mol/L)Triscine(mol/L)pH SDS(%)+极-极凝胶0.20.13.0/0.1/8.9a8.25b8.45a/0.10.3Notes:a means modified pH with HCl, b means no HCl added, natural pH is 8.25.表5-2 丙烯酰胺储存液T able 5-2 Acrylamide-bisacrylamide mixture丙烯酰胺与甲叉双丙烯酰胺含量(w/v)丙烯酰胺含量(w/v)甲叉双丙烯酰胺含量(w/v)49.5%、3%(3C)49.5%、6%(6C)4846.51.53.0 表5-3 凝胶的组成T able 5-3 Composition of separating, spacer and stacking gels组成浓缩胶夹层胶致密胶3C凝胶储存液(mL)6C凝胶储存液(mL)凝胶缓冲液(mL)尿素(g)甘油(mL)加双蒸水定溶至(mL)0.3/0.93//2.231.22/2/0.265.22/222.160.36凝胶制作采用三层不连续胶的系统,先灌下边的致密胶和夹层胶,然后铺水层,待胶凝后,除去水层,灌上面的浓缩胶,小心插入梳子,静置30ml 加入150μl 10 %APS 和15μlTEMEDTricine–SDS-PAGE16 | VOL.1 NO.1 | 2006 | NATURE PROTOCOLSReducing sample buffers:•Buffer A: 12% SDS (wt/vol), 6% mercaptoethanol (vol/vol), 30% glycerol (wt/vol), 0.05% Coomassie blueG-250 (Serva), 150 mM Tris/HCl (pH 7.0)•Buffer A/4: buffer A diluted with 3 volumes of water•Buffer C: buffer A without glycerol•Nonreducing sample buffers:•Buffer B: 12% SDS (wt/vol), 30% glycerol (wt/vol), 0.05% Coomassie blue G-250 (Serva), 150 mM Tris/HCl (pH 7.0)•Buffer B/4: buffer B diluted with 3 volumes of water•Buffer D: buffer B without glycerol•Electrode buffer (semidry transfer only): 300 mM Tris, 100 mM acetic acid (pH 8.6)Electrode and gel buffers for Tricine–SDS-PAGE缓冲液Anode buffer(10×)Cathode buffer(10×)Gel buffer(3×)Tris(M) 1.0 1.0 3.0Triscine(M)- 1.0 -HCL(M)0.225 - 1.0SDS(%)- 1.0 0.3pH8.9 ~8.25 8.45Tricine obtained from Serva. Keep solutions at room temperature (20–25 °C). Do not correct the pH of the cathode buffer, which ideally should be closeto 8.25.AB-3 stock solution丙烯酰胺与甲叉双丙烯酰胺含量(w/v)丙烯酰胺含量(w/v)甲叉双丙烯酰胺含量(w/v)49.5%、3%(3C)49.5%、6%(6C)4846.51.53.0For the acrylamide-bisacrylamide (AB)-3 stock solution(49.5% T, 3% C mixture), which is normally used, dissolve 48 g of acrylamideand 1.5 g of bisacrylamide (each twice-crystallized; Serva) in 100 ml of water. For the AB-6 stock solution (49.5% T, 6% C mixture), which is needed only foroptimal resolution of small proteins and peptides, dissolve 46.5 g of acrylamideand 3 g of bisacrylamide in 100 ml of water. ▲CRITICAL Keep thesolutionsat 7–10 °C, because crystallization occurs at 4 °C. ! CAUTION Acrylamide andbisacrylamide are highly neurotoxic. When handling these chemicals, weargloves and use a pipetting aid.Impact of fluroxypyr on riceFluroxypyr triggers oxidative damage by producing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in rice (Oryza sativa) Ecotoxicology (2010) 19:124–132Guo Lin Wu,Jing Cui ,Ling Tao,Hong YangPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresisThree grams of tissues were homogenized with 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 1 mM2-mercaptoethanl, 0.5 mM phenlmethyl and 1 mM EDTA. The homogenate was centrifuged at 15,000g at 4C for 20 min. The supernatant was used for the detection of isoenzymes. The isoenzymes of SOD, CA T and POD were separated on discontinuous polyacrylamide gels (PAGE) under the non-denaturing conditions. The stacking and separating gels contained 4.5 and 10% polyacrylamide, respectively. Proteins were electrophoretically separated at4C and 80 V in the stacking gel followed by 120 V in the separating gel (Zhou et al. 2007).Superoxide dismutase activity was determined on gels as described by Wang and Y ang (2005). The gels were rinsed in water and incubated in the dark for 30 min in theassay mixture containing 50 mM potassium phosphatebuffer (pH 7.8), 1 mM EDTA, 0.05 mM riboflavin,0.1 mM nitroblue tetrazolium and 0.3% N,N,N0,N0-tetramethylethylenediamine(TEMED). After that, the gels were rinsed with water and exposed on a light box for 10 min until the colorless bands of SOD activity in a purple background gel were visible. For peroxidase isoforms, the gels were stained for 20 min in 0.2 M acetate buffer(醋酸)(pH5.5) with 5 mM benzidine联苯胺and 5 mM H2O2 (Zhou et al.2007).For the detection of CA T isoenzyme activity, gels weresoaked in deionized water for 15 min. Subsequently, thegel was incubated in 0.03% H2O2 for 25 min and then carefully washed with deionized water to remove the residual H2O2. After that, the gel was stained in the solution of 1% (w/v) potassium ferricyanide铁氰化钾and 1% (w/v) ferric chloride氯化铁(Woodbury et al. 1971). This caused the gel to turn blue except at positions exhibiting CA T activity.When maximum contrast was achieved, the reaction wasstopped by rinsing the gel with deionized water. 铁氰化钾氯化铁组织研磨,50 mM pH 7.0 磷酸钾缓冲液,包含1 mM巯基乙醇,0.5 mM 苯甲基 1 mM EDTA 匀浆液15000g 4°离心20min, 上清用来酶测定。

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