高一英语阅读专题：细节题【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：阅读专题：细节题二. 重难点讲解在高考阅读的四个题型中，该题型难度最小、得分率最高，所占比重也较大，但随着英语试题难度的加大，近几年得分率呈下降的趋势。

其常见的提问方式有以下几种：1. 针对文章的某一细节对具体内容提问，如：How was the fire put out according to the text ?（NMET 1995）We learn from the text that on 24 May（）.（NMET1998）2. 要求针对文章的某一细节进行正、误判断，如：Which of the following statements is true according to the text ?（NMET 2001，北京2003）Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to author’s description of the disaster in 2094?（上海 2002）3. 要求针对文章的某一细节进行简单的计算，如：At a place where surface temperature is 15℃,how deep do you have to dig so as to get a temperature of 75℃?（NMET 1994）How long did the power failure last?（NMET 2000）4. 要求针对文章的某一细节进行识图，如：Which of the following drawings shows the right way to get geothermal energy?（NMET l994）Which of the four pictures below is the closest to the igloo hotel as described in the text?（NMET 2001）5. 要求针对文章的某一细节进行排序，如：Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?（NMET 1999）Choose the right time order of the following events in Thomas’s life.（北京2002）从以上的提问方式我们可以看出，事实细节题型是针对文章某一细节进行提问，一般来说答案都可以在文中直接找到。

这就要求考生在解题时，在初步了解了文章大意的基础上，能够根据问题迅速地抓住提问的关键词，搜索相同的信息，做出选择。

【典型例题】Amy Johnson was born on July 1, 1903, in Hull Yorkshire and lived there until she went to Sheffield University in 1923 to read for a BA. After graduating, she moved on to work as a secretary to a London solicitor（律师）where she also became interested in flying. Amy began to learn to fly at the London Aeroplane Club in the winter of 1928-1929 and her hobby soon became an all-consuming determination, not simply to make a career in aviation（航空）,but to succeed in some projects, which would demonstrate to the world that women could be as competent（能干）as men in hitherto（迄今为止）male dominated field.Her first important achievement, after flying solo, was to qualify as the first British-trained woman ground engineer. For a while she was the only woman G:E. in the world.Early in 1930, she chose her objective: to fly solo（fly by herself）to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days. At first, her efforts to raise financial（经济的）support failed, but finally Lord Wakefield shared the 600 pound purchase prices of a used DH Gypsy Moth（GAAAH）and it was named Jason after the family business trademark.Amy set off alone in a single engine Gypsy Moth from Groyson on May 5, 1930, and landed in Darwin on May 24, an epic flight of 11,000 miles. She was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.In July 1931, she set an England to Japan record in a Puss Moth with Jack Humphreys. In July 1932, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Puss Moth. In May, 1936, she set a record from England to Capetown, solo, in a Percival Gull , a flight to retrieve（gain again）her 1932 record.With her husband, Jim Mollison, she also flew in a DH Dragon nonstop from Pendine Sands, South Wales, to the United States in 1933. They also flew nonstop in record time to India in 1934 in a DH Comet in the England to Australia air race. The Mollisons were divorced in 1938.After her commercial flying ended with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Amy joined the Air Transport Auxiliary, a pool of experienced pilots who were ineligible（不合格）for RAF service. Her flying duties consisted of ferrying（carrying by plane）aircraft from factory airstrip（起落地带）to RAF（英国皇家空军）bases.1. What did Amy Johnson do after she graduated from Sheffield University?A. She became a secretary to a London solicitor.B. She went to the air force.C. She became the first female group engineer in the world.D. She began to learn to fly at an aero plane club.答案：A2. Which of the following is false?A. Amy Johnson spent her childhood in Sheffield.B. In Amy Johnson’s time, aviation was a male dominated field.C. Amy Johnson flew solo for several times.D. Amy Johnson was the first woman to fly alone to Australia.答案：A3. According to the passage, how many records Amy had set?A. Three .B. Four .C. Five .D. Six .答案：C4. How did Amy solve the financial problem when in early 1930 she chose her objective: to fly solo to Australia and to beat Bert Hinkler’s record of 16 days?A. She successfully raised financial support.B. She shared the money necessary for the flight with her husband.C. A businessman shared the purchase price of a used plane with Amy’s father.D. Her father gave her the money.Lipstick plays an important role in attraction and can even protect the lips from drying out in harsh weather. No wonder it’s the most important thing in a women’s cosmetics（化妆品）bag.Colouring the lips is certainly not a new idea. It was practiced as early as 3500 BC.In the past, a natural dye was used to paint lips. It was not until the 17th century that lipstick manufacturing really took off. The lipstick was made of mixtures that included pig fat and red sandalwood. It was kept in tiny pots and applied with a colouring stick.Lipstick was invented and first presented by Parisian perfumeries（香料商）in Amsterdam. But these “ little red sausages ” were less than practical. They were wrapped in silk paper and the ends had to be broken off before each use. They also did not come cheap.Over the years the sticks became less expensive and new colours were developed, But it was not until 1950 that lipstick accidentally was reinvented — this time by the Americans.Today there are so many types of lipsticks and shades that it is hard to keep track of them. Faced with many choices in the cosmetic departments, it is easy to forget that there is a whole science to manufacturing them.The basic materials are colours, oils and waxes. But they can contain up to 30 different materials. Lipstick manufactures have to achieve a careful balance. “You nee d a thicker oil to make the lipstick last longer, but a thinner one to make it easy to apply, ” says Comelis Riedel, product developer at Nivea Beaute in Hamburg.Different oils also provide protection for lips, preventing them from drying up. The waxes used in lipsticks must strike the right balance between strength and elasticity（弹性）. And up to nine different colouring matters could be needed to find the right shade.No one today need fear dangerous materials in lipsticks. A study by a leading German consumer organization found dangerous materials such as lead or cadmium, are hardly a problem any more — even in the cheapest products.Today, the question is whether to choose between a conventional lipstick or the newer, long-lasting variety.1. Lipstick plays an important role in women’s life because ______.A. it can show they are richB. it can show they are healthyC. they want to keep their body temperatureD. they want to be more attractive答案：D2. It can be inferred from this passage that ______.A. Americans were the first to use lipsticksB. lipsticks were colour less at firstC. modem lipsticks came out by chanceD. lipsticks have been made from the same materials3. The underlined phrase “keep track of” in this passage means______.A. findB. followC. useD. store答案：B4. We know from this passage that ______.A. lipsticks are much cheaper than beforeB. lipsticks are much harder than beforeC. lipsticks are more dangerous than beforeD. lipsticks are much safer than before答案：D【模拟试题】1. Install a legal copy of on anti-virus program（杀毒程序）and keep it current through a subscription（订阅）, so that it will recognize the latest “virus definitions（定义）” .2. Set your computer’s operating system to regularly download（下载）and update those virus definitions.3. Set Windows to automatically receive and install operating-system “ patches （补丁）” that can plug security holes in the software.4. Set anti-virus software to scan（扫描）all e-mail. Web pages, and instant-messaging traffic for viruses.5. Use the anti-virus software to scan your hard drive for viruses at least three times a week.6. Don’t open any attachments（附件）from any e-mail addresses you don’t recognize.7. If you have high-speed Internet access, install a software firewall on your computer.（A hardware firewall is even better.）8. Never download anything from a Web site you don’t think is re putable（规范的）.9. Be ware of e-mail that use Java or Active-X scripts.10. Clean out any “Cookies”（which track your Web visits）from your browser （浏览器）1. How can the computer find out the latest virus according to the passage?A. By setting up the lawful anti-virus program and keeping on updating.B. By scanning your hard drive occasionally.C. By scanning your software frequently.D. By installing a software firewall.2. You can infer in the passage that the majority of dangerous viruses comes as ______ .A. hardwareB. e-mailsC. chattingD. firewalls3. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Java or Active-X scripts may contain viruses.B. New computer viruses appear from time to time.C. A software firewall is not as good as a hardware firewall.D. “Cookies” here are kinds of food.4. Which of the following is the best title?A. How to Find the Computer Virus?B. Build Up a Firewall against the Virus.C. Some Tips against the Computer Virus.D. How do the Virus Kill Your Computer?试题答案1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C。