[0161]《中学英语教学法》第二次作业[论述题]4. What is a successful speaking activity?参考答案：1) Students talk a lot in English.2) Students' participation is even. The class is not dominatedby a few talkative participants.3) Students' motivation is high. Students are interested in thetopic, eager to speak and share their own information withothers.4) Language use is of an acceptable level. Students speak withappropriate accuracy and fluency, new language is comprehendedand incorporated in their production.[论述题]3. How to develop your self-evaluation?参考答案：Self-evaluation is not something that can be taught. It can be gradually developed by teachers themselves as they become moreaware of their own teaching and of all the different factorsthat affect learning. In order to evaluate themselves, teachersmust learn to observe themselves. Obviously, teachers cannotnormally observe themselves directly, but there are ways inwhich they can observe themselves indirectly:― By careful planning before the lesson, followed by careful reflection after the lesson on what actually took place.― By observing other teachers' lessons and comparing them with what happens in your own classes.―By inviting other teachers to observe your classes, and discussing the lesson with them afterwards.[论述题]2. How could you write something onto the blackboard but still keep theattention of the class?参考答案：A. To talk as you write, saying the words and making any necessarycomments― Talk to the students as you are writing and turn round frequently to face them.― Ask the students what to write as often as possible and get examples from them.― Ask them what they think this word or picture is going tobe.― Get them to read things as you write them.B. To stand in a way that does not hide the board[论述题]1. What does ‘knowing a word' mean?参考答案：Knowing a word means that you know word meaning, word use, word formation and word grammar.[判断题]3. All new words in a lesson are equally important.参考答案：错误[判断题]4. If the aim of activity is to check that students can use the verbs correctly, you have to correct any major errors, especially those involving the verbs you have taught, or the activity will lose its point.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. Students are given the structure in context and are asked to work out the rule for themselves. They are given guidance from the teacher in using evidence from the context to work out the usage of the structure. This is called the inductive method.参考答案：正确[判断题]1. The students' native language has no particular role in the Communicative Approach. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. Culture is received greater attention in the Communicative Approach.参考答案：正确[判断题]5. The skill practised in the pre-reading stage is inference.参考答案：错误[判断题]6. One way to teach reading is following the framework: pre-reading stage, while-reading stage and post-reading stage. Each stage has different goals and deals with different reading strategies.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Reading is an active process, during which the reader tries to understand the meaning of a given text.参考答案：正确[判断题]9. If the aim of activity is to check that students can use the verbs correctly, you have to correct any major errors, especially those involving the verbs you have taught, or the activity will lose its point.参考答案：错误[判断题]10. The skill practised in the pre-reading stage is prediction.参考答案：正确[判断题]11. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need to use themselves. We call this active vocabulary.参考答案：错误[判断题]12. The typical example of functional communication activities is role play.参考答案：错误[判断题]13. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework.参考答案：正确[判断题]14. Spoken language is generally produced in informal, simple or common vocabulary.参考答案：正确[判断题]15. Types of mistakes are slips, errors and attempts.参考答案：正确第一次作业[论述题]8. What are the basic principles of positive error correction?参考答案：1) As far as possible, encourage the students, focussing on whatthey have got right, not on what they have got wrong.2) Praise the students for correct answers, and even for partlycorrect answers; in this way, they will feel they are makingprogress.3) Avoid humiliating students or making them feel that making amistake is ‘bad'.4) Correct errors quickly; if too much time is spent over correctingerrors, it gives them too much importance and holds up the lesson.[论述题]7. How to organize pairwork?参考答案：1) Introduce the exercise and show what questions and answersstudents can give.2) Ask a few questions round the class, to show the kind ofconversation students might have.3) Divide the class into pairs.4) Students work in pairs. Move quickly round the class, checkingthat everyone is talking (but do not try to correct mistakes,as this will interrupt the activity).5) When most pairs have finished, stop the activity. Ask a fewstudents what their partner said.[论述题] 6. Why are stage 1 and stage 2 interrelated by a double arrow line? Why are practice and reflection connected by a circle? (See Fihure 1.1 on Page 9 of the textbook)参考答案：Stages 1 and 2 are interrelated by a double arrow line because neither of the two stages is really ever terminated. Teachers shouldalways make a point of updating their command of English because language is always changing. This can be done while they areteaching, but very often teachers take time off to have further training in English. This is especially important for teachers who do not have enough exposure to English.Practice and reflection are connected by a circle because they are neither independent nor separate sub-stages. Teachers do not teach one week and then reflect one week. Rather, they teach and reflect on a day to day basis.[论述题] 5. How to present a structure?参考答案：1) Situation and example to show meaning2) Model the structure3)Model the example on the board4)Other examples[判断题]16. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need to use themselves. We call this active vocabulary.参考答案：错误[判断题]17. In Grammar-translation method, the target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework.参考答案：错误[判断题]19. In the Communicative Approach, a teacher is described as an "instructor” and students as "listeners” in class.参考答案：错误[判断题]20. Students' errors are a sign of failure, so we must correct every mistake they make. 参考答案：错误[判断题]18. You glance quickly through a text in order to find a specific piece of information, this skill is called scanning.参考答案：正确[判断题]21. Knowing a word means that you know the pronunciation and meaning of it.参考答案：错误[判断题]22. Students' errors are a very useful way of showing what they have and have参考答案：正确[判断题]23. Testing implies evaluation based on a collection of information about what参考答案：错误[判断题]24. Classroom climate is strongly affected by the teachers' attitude and behaviour. 参考答案：正确[判断题]25. In the Communicative Approach, a teacher is described as an "instructor”参考答案：错误[判断题]27. It's unnecessary for teachers to know how to evaluate, select and adapt textbooks. 参考答案：错误[判断题]28. It is clearly whether someone can become a good language teacher solely depends on his/her command of the language.参考答案：错误[判断题]29. Students are given the structure in context and are asked to work out the rule for themselves. They are given guidance from the teacher in using evidence from the context to work out the usage of the structure. This is called the inductive method.参考答案：正确[判断题]30. There is an important difference between assessment and testing.参考答案：正确第三次作业[论述题]12. What are four main components of a task?参考答案：A task has four main components:1) a purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task2) a context: this can be real simulated or imaginary, andinvolves sociolinguistic issues such as the location, the participants and their relationship, the time, and other important factors.3) a process: getting the students to use learning strategies suchas problem solving, reasoning, inquiring,conceptualising and communicating4) a product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible(a written plan, a play, a letter, etc.) or invisible(enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc.)[论述题]11. What are the basic procedures of designing free writing tasks?参考答案：1) Getting ideas on the topic2) Selecting and expanding one idea3) Making an outline4) Writing and improving a draft5) Writing the final version[论述题]10. Why do we use English songs in class?参考答案：1) Songs can increase motivation to learn language as students.2) Songs give students intensive practice in selected patterns, but without boredom.3) Songs give students pronunciation practice ― in stress andrhythm as well as in individual sounds.4) Songs can provide students with an insight into Englishculture.5) Songs can always be enjoyable and memorable.6) Singing songs is a group activity, an act of cooperation, whichhelps to bring the group together and helps Ss learn a languagemore effectively.[论述题]9. What are the principles for teaching listening?参考答案：1) Focus on process2) Combine listening with other skills3) Focus on comprehending of meaning4) Grade difficulty level appropriately[判断题]31. According to the Grammar Translation Methods, the spoken form of language is the most important aspect of language.参考答案：错误[判断题]32.Classroom climate is strongly affected by the teachers' attitude and also by their behavior.参考答案：正确[判断题]33. Post-reading work usually contributes to the development of all the language skills and may involve using other skills than just reading.参考答案：正确[判断题]34. One way to teach reading is following the framework: presentation, practice and production. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies.参考答案：错误[判断题]35. Vocabulary can be divided into productive and receptive.参考答案：错误[判断题]36. The typical example of functional communication activities is information gap activities.参考答案：正确[判断题]37. Communicative competence refers to knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of the language.参考答案：错误[判断题]38. The target language should be used not only during communicative参考答案：正确[判断题]39. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need参考答案：正确[判断题]40. Culture is received greater attention in the Communicative Approach.参考答案：正确[判断题]41. Spoken language is generally produced in informal, simple or common vocabulary. 参考答案：正确[判断题]42. One way to teach reading is following the framework: presentation, practice and production. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies.参考答案：错误[判断题]43. It is clearly whether someone can become a good language teacher solely depends on his/her command of the language.参考答案：错误[判断题]44. Foreign Language Teaching Methodology is a science which studies the processes and patterns of foreign language teaching, aiming at revealing the nature and laws of foreign language teaching.参考答案：正确[判断题]45. Interactional view sees language as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.参考答案：错误第四次作业[论述题]15. 什么是"学习策略”？参考答案：学习策略指学生为了有效地学习和发展而采取的各种行动和步骤。