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山东大学数字信号处理课程试题答案(A卷)jiemi
N −1
N −1
n 为偶数
N / 2 −1
n 为奇数
N / 2 −1 r =0
=
∑ g (r )WN2rk +
r =0
∑ h(r )W
k N / 2 −1 r =0
( 2 r +1) k N
N / 2 −1
=
∑ g (r )W
r =0
−j 2π ⋅2 r N
2 rk N
+ WN
2π ⋅r N /2
∑ h(r )W
2 rk N
∵W
2r N
=e
=e
−j
r = WN /2
∴ x(k ) =
N / 2 −1 r =0
∑ g (r )WNrk/ 2 + WNk
rk = WN /2
N / 2 −1 r =0
∑ h(r )W
rk N /2
= G (k ) + WN H (k )
k
则 G(k),H(k)分别为 g(r),h(r)的 N/2 点 DFT 又 ∵ WN / 2
′
z −1 − α ′ 得:G(1)=–1,G(–1)=1, wc 等效于高通滤波器的 π + wc ,而 −1 1 − αz
– wc 等效为高通滤波器的 wc ,则:
′
e − j ( − wc ) = −
′
e − jwc + α 1 + αe − jwc
c '
⇒
α [1 + e j ( w
j − ( wc ' − wc ) 2
N = 2 M , x(2r ) = g (r ), x(2r + 1) = h(r ), r=0,1,…
则:x(n)的 DFT 可分解为:
nk X (k ) = DFT [ x(n)] = ∑ x(n)WN n =0 N −1
N −1 2
=
∑ x(n)WNnk + ∑ x(n)WNnk
n =0 n =0
N log 2 N 次复乘运算,故DFT与FFT算法所需乘法次数改善比为: 2
N2 N log 2 N 2 = 2N log 2 N
(2)
5
得证。 证明:h(n)满足奇对称条件,即:h(n)= –h (N-1-n) (1) N 为奇数时,H(z)=
∑ h(n) z − n =
n =0
N −1
( N −1) / 2 n =0
2
,α =
N −1 ,故该 FIR 滤波器具有线性相位特性。 2
6
证明: 冲激响应不变法: 使数字滤波器 h(n)等于原模拟滤波器冲激响应 ha (t ) 的等间隔抽样 ha (nT ) H(z)与H(s)的关系:H(z)=Z[h(n)]=Z[£-1[Ha(s)t=nT]] 分解: H ( s ) =
1+ (
1 Ωp Ωc
] )
2N
(2) Ω = Ω s ⇒ As = −10 lg[
1 ] Ωs 2N 1+ ( ) Ωc
−1
⇒ N , Ω c 的值即可。
8
解:由已知,低通到高通滤波器的变换: z
=−
z −1 + α , 1 + αz −1
设 wc 为原型低通滤波器的截止频率, wc 为高通滤波器的截至频率 由 G( z) = −
–jw(N-1) / 2
− jwn
− e − jw( N −1− n ) ]
jw ( N −1 −n) 2
N / 2 −1 n =0
=e
∑ h(n)[e
−e
− jw (
N −1 −n ) 2
]
=e –jw(N-1) / 2
π N −1 j ( −w ) 2 2
N / 2 −1 n =0
∑ h(n) ⋅ 2 j sin[w(
9 证明: (1)
0 X (0) = ∑ x(n)WN = ∑ x ( n) = ∑ x ( n) − ∑ x ( N − 1 − n ) n =0 n =0 n =0 n= N 2 N −1 N −1 N −1 2 N −1
(3)
令N-1-n = m ⎯⎯ ⎯⎯ ⎯→ = ∑ x(n) − ∑ x(m) =0 n =0 m =0
π
2
− w(
N −1 ) 2
(2) N 为偶数时,H(z)=
∑ h(n) z − n =
∑ h( n) z − n +
n= N / 2
∑ h( n) z
N −1
−n
令第二项 n′=N-1-n ,得:
N / 2 −1
H(z)=
∑ h( n) z − n +
n =0
N / 2 −1 n =0
∑ h( N − 1 − n) z
1 + 1 / 3z −1 1 • −1 1 − 1/ 4z 1 − 1 / 2 z −1
z –1 1/3 z -1 1/2
1/4
d)
并联型:H(z)=
−7/3 10 / 3 + −1 1 − 1/ 4z 1 − 1 / 2 z −1
-7/3 z
–1
x(n)
1/4 10/3 z 1/2
–1
y(n)
3
k =0 r =0 N −1 2 N −1 2
N-1-2 r = 2 k +1 ⎯令 ⎯ ⎯⎯⎯ ⎯→ =
10
证明: z k = re
j 2πk / N
= rz ⇒ z = 1− z −N N
N −1 k =0
zk r z H (k ) ,将 z= k 代入得: − k −1 r N z
由
H ( z) =
山东大学数字信号处理课程试题答案(A 卷)
1 (1)数字信号处理机,计算机的软件; (2)方块图,信号流图;加法器,延时器;精确度,误差,稳定性,经济性及运算速度; (3)
ab 1 − bc
(4)3,0.5rad/s 2 解:y(n)=x(n)+1/3 x(n-1)+3/4y(n-1)-1/8y(n-2) H(z)= a)
N / 2 −1 n =0
N −1 − n)] 2
=e
∑ 2h(n) sin[ w(
π
2 − w(
N −1 − n)] 2
其相位函数为: ϕ ( w) =
N −1 ) 2
由以上两种情况可以看出, ϕ ( w) 满足第一类“线性相位”滤波器的定义:
∠H (e jw ) = β − αw, β = ±
π
N −1 2
N −1 2
(2)
X(
N ) = ∑ x( n )WN 2 n =0 =
N −1 2 r =0
N −1
j
N n 2
= ∑ x( n )( −1) n =
n=0 N −1 2 r =0
N −1
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
∑ x(2r ) − ∑ x(2r + 1)
r =0 r =0
N −1 2
N −1 2
∑ x( N − 1 − 2r ) − ∑ x(2r + 1) ∑ x(2k + 1) − ∑ x(2r + 1) =0
∑1−W
H(
N −1
zk 1− r N z −N )= r N
∑ 1 − rW
k =0
N −1
H (k )
−k N
z −1
+
N / 2 −1 H (k ) = ∑ ∑ − k −1 k =0 k = 0 1 − rW N z
H (k ) 1 − re
2πk j N
z −1
k=N / 2
∑
N −1
H (k ) 1 − re
− wc )
] = −(e − jwc + e jwc )
(1)
两边同乘以 e
得:
⇒
′ wc + wc cos( ) 2 α =− ′ w − wc cos( c ) 2
(2)
即:由低通到高通的公式:
′ wc + wc cos( ) z −1 + α 2 z −1 = − , α = − ′ 1 + αz −1 wc − wc cos( ) 2
r ( N / 2+ k )
N / 2 −1 N / 2 −1 r (k + ) N rk ∴ G ( k + ) = ∑ g ( r )W N / 2 2 = ∑ g ( r )W N / 2 = G (k ) 2 r =0 r =0
N
同理: H (k +
( N +k )
N ) = H (k ) 2
∑s−s
k =1
N
Ak
,单极点多项式和
k
N
对 H a ( s ) 进行拉式反变换,得: ha (t ) =
∑A e
k =1 k N k =1
sk t
u (t )
h(n) = ha (nT ) = ∑ Ak e sk nT u (nT )
对 h(n) 求 Z 变换: H ( z ) =
(1)
n = −∞
N / 2 −1
− ( N −1− n )
N / 2 −1
=
∑ h( n) z
n =0
−n
–
∑ h( n ) z
n =0
−( N −1− n )
N / 2 −1
=
∑ h(n)[ z
n =0
−n
− z −( N −1− n ) ]
将z=e jw代入,得: H(e jw)=
N / 2 −1 n =0
∑ h(n)[e