反意疑问句的讲解及练习由"陈述句 + 附加疑问句"两部分构成。
一般有两种形式:前肯后否或前否后肯。
对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点:1)主语只能用人称代词;2)附加疑问句的not必须与(be /助/情)缩写;3)附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。
eg.1)Tom is a worker, isn't Tom?(找错)_______2)You can swim, can not you?(找错)______3)He had lunch, doesn't he?(找错)________特别注意以下几种反意疑问句1. 陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little,never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none),附加疑问句应使用肯定形式(但前缀词unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外)eg. They are unhappy, aren't they?2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。
eg.1)Everything is ready, ___________?2)Everyone is here, ____________?3.陈述部分是祈使句时,附加疑问句一般用:will you? 但注意:Let's … , shall we?Let us … , will you?4.陈述部分含must时,附加疑问句一般用needn't.eg. I must finish my work now, _________?5.陈述部分是there be结构时,应用there be结构来完成。
eg. There's little water, ___________*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时,疑问部分通常与主句一致。
但当主句的谓语动词是think, believe且主语是I , we时,即:I / We think (believe) + 宾从,则附加问句应与从句一致。
I'm sure + 宾从也是如此eg.1)She said I did it, ____________?2)We don't think you are right, ________?3)I'm sure you'll help me, ____________?*7.I'm… , aren't I?eg.I am older than you, __________?8.陈述部分含had better, 疑问部分应用had better来回答。
eg. You'd better go out , ___________?9.陈述部分是感叹句,附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。
eg. 1)What a kind girl, __________?2)What a fine day, ___________?练习( )1.You had to work for 10 hours yesterday, _____?A. didn't youB. did not youC. had not youD. did you( )2.Don't eat too much, ____?A. will youB. don't youC. do youD. can you( )3.Lily looks like Lucy, ____?A. is LilyB. isn't sheC. does LilyD. doesn't she( )4.-You didn't change your mind, did you--- ______.A. No, I didn'tB. Yes, did IC. No, I didD. Yes, I didn't( )5.The woman hardly let her daughter go to school, ____ she ?A. doesB. doesn'tC. didD. didn't( )6.Be sure to come to the parents' meeting on time, ____?A. will youB. aren't youC. can't youD. mustn't you( )7.Let's have a good rest, ____?A. will weB. do weC. shalln't weD. shall we( )8.He has never ridden a horse before, ___?A. does heB. has heC. hasn't heD. doesn't( )9.Tom has supper at school, ___?A. hasn't heB. has heC. doesn't heD. does he( )10.There is little water in the glass, ___?A. isn't thereB. isn't itC. is itD. is there否定意义的词否定意义的词(1)当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing,none,rarely 等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:eg:There are few apples in the basket, are there?He can hardly swim, can he?They seldom come late, do they?(2)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有un-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,当做肯定句处理,疑问部分要用否定形式。
如:He looks unhappy,doesn't he?他看上去不高兴,不是吗?The girl dislikes history,doesn't she?这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?有less,fewer等词视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。
如:There will be less pollution, won't there?表示主语主观意愿的词含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。
(1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。
例如:I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?值得注意的是,当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式。
例如:I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he? We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they? 此类句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑问句一样,如上述后一个句子,若双胞胎已经到了,则回答为"Yes, they have.";若尚未到达,使用"No, they haven't."。
(2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关...)。
例如:Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?(3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。
had better或have陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t 等开头:You’d better get up early, hadn’t you? 其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:(have 表示有可用do或have来改写)-He has two sisters,doesn't he? =He has two sisters,hasn't he? -He doesn't have anysisters,does he?祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达,分三种情况:1)一般情况下用will you 或won't you。
e.g. Give me a hand,will you?Leave all the things as they are,won't you?2)以Let's开头的祈使句,前肯后可肯可否,前否后只可,疑问句必须用shall we;只有以Let us(听话人不被包括在“US”里面)或Let me开头的祈使句,问句才用will you。
e.g. Let us know the time of your arrival .Let”s try again,shall we? Let me help you,will you?Let’s have a look on your book,will you?(听话人不包括在us里面)3)当陈述句是否定的祈使句时,问句可用will you 或can you 。