ChemistrySummer Holidays Homework for Future Freshmen of High schoolClass: __________________________Chinese Name:______________________English Name:______________________Beijing#80 High School International DepartmentIntroduction to Chemistry 化学入门Definition: Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany there processes.(化学的定义：化学是研究物质的组成，结构，性质，物质发生的变化，以及变化过程中涉及的能量变化。

)Branches of Chemistry: Organic Chemistry；Inorganic Chemistry；Physical Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry;Biochemistry; Theoretical chemistry(化学的分支：有机化学；无机化学；物理化学；分析化学；生物化学；理论化学)Day 1【Task】Please put the Chinese name into the suitable chapter.Vocabulary about chapter name. 章节名称词汇（----What may we study about chemistry in the first year? 高一可能涉及哪些化学知识？）物质和变化；原子：构建物质的基本单元；酸和碱；氧化还原反应；气体；化学键；原子中的电子排布；称量和计算；有机化学；反应能量；元素周期律；化学方程式和化学反应；化学平衡；化学反应动力学；化学计量学；化学式和化学物质；物质的状态；生物化学；电化学；滴定与pH值；水溶液中离子和稀溶液的依数性；溶液；Chapter 1 Matter and Change ( )Chapter 2 Measurement and Calculation ( )Chapter 3 Atom-Building Block of Matter ( )Chapter 4 Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms( ) Chapter 5 The periodic Law ( )Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding ( )Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds( )Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions ( ) Chapter 9 Stoichiometry ( )Chapter 10 States of Matter ( )Chapter 11 Gas ( )Chapter 12 Solution ( )Chapter 13 ions in Aqueous Solution and colligative Properties( )Chapter 14 Acid and Base ( )Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titration and pH ( ) Chapter 16 Reaction Energy ( )Chapter 17 Reaction Kinetics ( )Chapter 18 Chemical Equilibrium ( )Chapter 19 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions ( ) Chapter 20 Electrochemistry ( )Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry ( )Chapter 23 Biology Chemistry ( )Day2 【Task】Identify the vocabularies and master as possible as you can.Matter and its properties物质及其特点Mass 质量Definition of Matter物质的定义States of Matter物质的状态solid 固体liquid液体gas气体plasma等离子Composition of Matter 物质的构成Chemical and Physical Properties化学性质和物理性质Chemical and Physical Changes 化学变化和物理变化Conservation of Mass 质量守恒atom 原子molecular 分子ion离子cation 阳离子anion阴离子element 元素/单质compound 化合物pure substance 纯物质mixture混合物reactant 反应物group 族元素周期表的纵行family 族元素周期表的纵行period 周期元素周期表的横行metal 金属nonmetal 非金属metalloid 准金属Noble Gas 稀有气体Day3【Task】Identify the vocabularies and master as possible as you can.Scientific Method(科学方法) system 系统hypothesis 假设model 模型theory 理论weight 重量derived Unit 衍生单位Energy能量Definition of Energy能量的定义Forms of Energy能量的形式Types of Reactions反应类型Exothermic Versus Endothermic 放热对吸热Measurements and Calculations测量和计算Temperature Measurements温度测量Scientific Notation 科学记数法Method of Conversion 转换方法Precision, Accuracy, and Uncertainty精密度，准确度，不确定度Significant Figures有效数字Calculations with Significant Figures 有效数字的计算directly proportional 正比例inversely proportional 反比例Chemical Formulas 化学分子式Equation 化学方程式Writing and Balancing Simple Equations 写作和配平简单方程式Ionic Equations 书写离子方程式mass number 质量数average atomic mass 平均分子量mole摩尔Avogadro’s number 阿伏伽德罗常数molar mass 摩尔质量Day4【Task】Identify the vocabularies and master as possible as you can.Law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律nuclear forces 原子核力atomic nuclei原子核proton 质子neutron 中子electron 电子charge电荷positive charge 正电荷negative charge 负电荷atomic number 原子序数isotope 同位素nuclide 核素particle 粒子Oxidation Number and Valence氧化数和化合价Reactivity反应Period Table of the Elements元素周期表Periodic Law周期律Properties Related to the Periodic Table元素周期表的性质Radii of Atoms原子半径Electro negativity电负性Electron Affinity电子亲和能Ionization Energy电离能Bonding 化学键Types of Bonds 化学键类型Ionic Bonds离子键 Covalent Bonds共价键Metallic Bonds金属键Intermolecular Forces of Attraction 分子间的吸引力Hydrogen Bonds氢键Double and Triple Bonds双键和三键Resonance Structures共振结构Day 5【Task】Learn the apparatus vocabulary and match the vocabulary with the picture given. If necessary, google the vocabularies on the baidu /google image and tryyour best to finish it.学习仪器词汇并完成后面的图片匹配题。

如果需要，可以通过百度图片或谷歌图片网站搜索相关仪器。

试管 test tube 试管夹 test tube holder 烧瓶 flask 烧杯 beaker 漏斗 funnel 分液漏斗separatory funnel 锥形瓶conical flask/ Erlenmeyerflask天平 balance/scale 分析天平 analytical balance 台秤 platform balance 游码crossbeams and sliding weights量筒 graduated flask/measuring cylinder酒精灯alcohol burner 酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner塞子stopper 洗瓶 plasticwash bottle 滴定管 burette 酸氏滴定管Geiser burette 碱氏滴定管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock 冷凝器 condenser 试剂瓶 reagentbottles 蒸发皿 evaporating dish 玻璃活塞 stopcock 搅拌装置 stirringdevice 磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer电动搅拌器power basic stirrer容量瓶 volumetric flask/measuring flask 洗耳球 rubber suction bulb玻璃棒 glass rod stirring rod 移液管 (one-mark) pipette刻度移液管 graduatedpipettes蒸馏烧瓶 distilling flask 坩埚 crucible 表面皿 watchglass 称量瓶weighing bottle广口瓶wide-mouth bottle研磨钵 mortar 研磨棒 pestle 玛瑙研钵agate mortar 滴管 dropper 蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸发器 evaporator升降台lab jack 铁架台iron support 万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buretclamp双顶丝clamp regular holder 沸石boiling stone 橡胶管rubber tubing药匙lab spoon镊子forceps坩埚钳crucible tong 剪刀scissorpH试纸 universal ph indicator paper 滤纸 filter paper 称量纸weighingpaper秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale 玻璃棒温度计thermometer 水银温度计mercury-filled thermometer ph计ph meter真空泵vacuum pump 冷、热浴bath 离心机centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask护目镜；防护眼镜goggles(1) (2)Chinese：______________________ Chinese：______________________ English:________________________English:________________________(3) (4)Chinese：______________________ Chinese：______________________ English:________________________English:________________________(5) (6)Chinese：______________________ Chinese：______________________ English:________________________English:________________________(7) ( 8)Chinese：______________________ Chinese：______________________ English:________________________English:________________________(9) (10)Chinese：______________________ Chinese：______________________ English:________________________English:________________________(11) (12)Chinese：______________________ Chinese：______________________ English:________________________English:________________________【extra points】1. Main function of #2 apparatus：____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________2. Main function of #5 apparatus：____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________Day 6-7【Task 】 Reading the following rules and name the compounds below.H 2___________ ; O 2_____________; C___________ ; N 2___________ ;H 2O___________/__________________ ; MgO__________________________ ;CO__________________________ ; CO 2__________________________ ;HCl__________________________ ; HNO 3_____________________________;H 2SO 4__________________________ ; H 2SO 3__________________________ ;HClO 4__________________________ ; HClO__________________________ ;NaOH __________________________ ; Fe(OH)2__________________________ ;Cu(OH)2__________________________ ; Al 2S 3__________________________ ;CaCl 2____________________________; FeBr 3__________________________ ;KMnO 4____________________________; NaHSO 4__________________________ ;[File] Nomenclative rules of the common inorganic chemistry 常见无机物的命名规则(一) 元素（element ）命名和符号H hydrogen [?haidr?d??n ] He helium ['hi:li?m ] Li lithium ['liθi?m ] Be beryllium [be'rili?m ] B boron ['b?:r?n ] C carbon [?k ɑ:b?n ] N nitrogen [?naitr?d??n ] O oxygen [??ksid??n ] F fluorine ['flu?ri:n ] Ne neon [?ni:?n ?ni:?n ]Na sodium ['s?udi?m] Mg magnesium [m?g?ni:zi?m] Al aluminum[??lju?mini?m, ??l??mini?m]Si silicon [?silik?n] P phosphorus ['f?sf?r?s] S sulfur['s?lf?] Cl chlorine ['kl?:ri:n] Ar argon ['ɑ:g?n]K potassium [p?'t?si?m] Ca calcium [?k?lsi?m]Rb rubidium [ru:'bidi?m] Ba barium ['b??ri?mBr bromine ['br?umi:n] I iodine [?ai?di:n]其他常有元素Fe : iron ['ai?n] Mn : manganese [?m??g?'ni:z]Cu: copper [?k?p?]拉丁语：Cuprum cop 警察，条子Zn: zinc [zi?k]Hg: mercury [?m?:kjuri] 来源于古希腊人对它的称呼hydor argyros (水银)Ag: silver [?silv?]拉丁名Argentum 即来自希腊文argyros (明亮) ,元素符号Ag ,与英文名silver 毫不相干;Pt: platinum ['pl?tin?m]Au: gold [g?uld] 金的拉丁名Aurum 来自希腊文aurora (灿烂) ,元素符号Au ,与英文名gold 也无关系。