要点：Also, involvement in music provides students with an opportunity to socialize and develop lifelong friendships.
Some people look on change as self-improvement provider, new experience creator and health promoter.
【牛刀小试】①However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships. Just over half of the 2,253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their own interests. Family members who might otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different mental space.
However, a report has found technology benefits family bonds by making members closer and providing a private mental space as well.
②Although there are many benefits, opponents point out problems with the new requirements. First, they argue that the main reason why students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is timeconsuming, students spend less time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without pay goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away a student’s freedom to choose.
要点：Despite the unavoidable extinction of some languages due to community decline, many endangered ones can still be preserved.
2. 当段落中出现firstly, secondly, finally或also, besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时，这些次 要点都需要提取。 可采用平行结构 (几个次要点都采用相同的句法结构)合并次要 点。
While widely acknowledged helpful to keep healthy, vegetarian diets are seldom associated with environment protection.
【牛刀小试】 It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them.
要点：There are numerous advantages, one of which is to offer enjoyable/ agreeable/ joyful/ delightful surroundings.
There are numerous advantaቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱes. One benefit is to offer agreeable surroundings.
【牛刀小试】 Participation in music also brings social benefits for students. Music is a way to make friends. Some researchers completed a study dealing with the perceived benefits of music. In their findings they wrote, “Participation in musical groups or bands was regarded as an opportunity to socialize with likeminded people, make new friends and meet interesting people, who without the musical engagement they would not have had the chance to meet”. Every time a student is involved in music, they have the chance to meet new people, and form lasting friendships.
名词（短语）、动名词、不定式等相同结构 用and, as well as 连接
例2: From one point of view, people who accept changes think that changes make their life meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make us leap forward. A new job, for instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to their skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and predictable. Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be good for our physical and mental health. We find that changes can make us experienced and valuable. 要点： Those who value changes see them as chances of making progress, gaining new experiences and promoting their health.
要点：Some argue service learning can reduce the time that students spend on core subjects and rob them of the right to choose.
3. 当段落有主题句，而主题句表达的意思不够明确时，需要 补充次要点。在概写时可选择与主题句中心词汇(benefits/ problems/ solutions/ advantages/ disadvantages等)相关的内容 作为补充的次要点，用like, such as, 非限制性定语从句或破 折号等补充说明。也可直接把次要点中的内容单独成句。
例3: There are many benefits of having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment— what was once a gray cement (水泥) wall can become a colorful, blooming garden. The Caxia Forum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is a famous example — one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species.