初中英语语法知识精讲精练：连词连词(一) 知识概要连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。
按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。
并列连词连接的双方是对等的。
常有的并列连词有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。
但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致，意义有转折的并列连词有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不过)。
还有表示选择关系的并列连词，如：or, or else, otherwise…再有的是连接双方，互为因果，或表示前因后果的连词有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。
从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。
其中有原因状语从句，常用的连接词有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。
目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。
具体用法见下表。
连词用法一览表种类功用例句并列连词连接具有并列关系的词 He knows neither English nor French.短语 Are you going by bus or on foot?分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming.从属连词引导：状语从句 I'll do it as you told me.You will be late unless you hurry.连接代词和连接副词主语从句 What he said proved true.When we'll start has not been decided yet.表语从句 This is why he didn't come yesterday.That is where he lives.宾语从句 The man asked me which I liked best.I can't understand why she is so late.关系代词和关系副词定语从句 Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.He came last night when I was out.(二) 例题解析1 We bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it.A. butB. andC. orD. so［答案］ A.［析］由于句意的原因，应选择转折连词。
2 Run quickly, ＿＿＿ we'll miss the early train.A. andB. butC. soD. or［答案］ D.［析］ or这里应译为：否则。
3 I'll give the book to him ＿＿＿ he comes back.A. sinceB. as soon asC. beforeD. until［答案］ B.［析］ as soon as 引出的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。
4 Don't cross the road ＿＿＿ the light turns green.A. whenB. whileC. untilD. as［答案］ C.［析］ until应译为"直到……才"，因为前面的祈使句为否定句。
又如：She did not go to bed until her mother came back. 应译为"直到她妈妈回来她才睡觉"。
5 Miss Gao has been a teacher ＿＿＿ 1990.A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. in［答案］ C.［析］因为主句为完成时，所以应用 since表示该动作的启始点。
6 - Which would you like better, tea ＿＿＿ milk?- Tea, please.A. butB. andC. orD. with［答案］ C.［析］在疑问句与否定句中应用or来表示一种选择。
7 We love spring ＿＿＿ there's beautiful flowers every where.A. thoughB. butC. orD. because［答案］ D.［析］因为这里表示的是因果关系。
8 Please leave ＿＿＿ 7∶００, then you'll be able to get ＿＿＿ there earlier.A. till, inB. from, /C. before, /D. behind, to［答案］ C.［析］ before为在７∶００之前离开。
9 The teacher didn't begin the lesson ＿＿＿ all the students stopped talking.A. untilB. afterC. ifD. because［答案］ A.［析］这句应译为"直到所有的学生都停止讲话老师才开始上课"。
因begin为瞬间动词，所以应用否定句。
10 Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ＿＿＿ she was ill.A. butB. untilC. ifD. because［答案］ D.［析］这里是表示因果关系，所以应用because。
因为她病了所以未去看电影。
11 You must start right now, ＿＿＿ you'll miss the train.A. forB. andC. soD. or［答案］ D.［析］ or译为"否则"。
本句句意为：你必须马上走了，否则要赶不上火车了。
12＿＿＿ he is a child of six, he can read and write.A. WhoseB. IfC. ThoughD. Because［答案］ C.［析］这种状语从句在英语中称为让步状语从句，应译为：虽然他才是个6岁的孩子，他却可以读书和写字。
13 I like fish, ＿＿＿ chicken, ＿＿＿ eggs.A. and, andB. and, withC. /, andD. and, /［答案］ C.［析］在有若干个名词或动词出现时，每一个词之间只用逗号连接，只在最后两个词之间加and。
如：The old man passed the street, went into a shop and bought some food。
14 Take this dictionary with you ＿＿＿ you may use it in class.A. whenB. in order toC. butD. so that［答案］ D.［析］ so that应译为"为的是"。
本句句义为：带上字典，为的是在上课时可能有用。
而in order to 其后应接动词不定式，如：Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in class。
15 I hope ＿＿＿ will be fine tomorrow.A. itB. whatC. whetherD. when［答案］ A.［析］ hope后接的是宾语从句，而且宾语从句中少主语，应用it来代替天气。
16＿＿＿ she was not well, I decided to go without her.A. ThoughB. AsC. WhenD. Because of［答案］ B.［析］ as这里应译为"由于"。
全句意为：由于她不舒服，我决定不带她去了。
而because of 其后不能接从句只能接宾语。
如： Because of the heavy rain, we decided not to go。
17 My aunt bought me ＿＿＿ many story books that I spent a lot of time them.A. such…onB. such…inC. too…in D so…on［答案］ D.［析］因many前只能用so来修饰，所以只能选择D选项。
而spend…on something 为在某事上花费时间或钱。
如：She spent a lot of money on her clothes。
18 Mother was cooking ＿＿＿ she ＿＿＿ a knock at the door.A. when, listen toB. while, listened toC. while, heardD. when, heard［答案］ D.［析］ when在这里应译为：就在那时，那一刻，那一瞬间。
19 Speak slowly, ＿＿＿ we can understand you.A. andB. orC. ifD. because［答案］ A.［析］ and这里是并列连词，应译为：请讲慢些这样我们就会明白你的意思。
20 You'll learn English well ＿＿＿ you put your heart into it.A. ifB. soC. untilD. or［答案］ A.［析］本句译为：如果你将心放在学习上，你就会将英语学好。
这里的语法现象是从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
21 I won't let you in ＿＿＿ you show me your pass.A. untilB. forC. sinceD. because［答案］ A.22 She didn't go to school ＿＿＿ she was ill.A. whyB. becauseC. whereD. but［答案］ B.(三) 正误辨析［误］ Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.［正］ Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.［析］在英语中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。