听力十大必背xx1.文科xx：艺术类音乐2.理科xx：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over2,000years ago;the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not.Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses,the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical,It the earth was a flat disc,then its shadow during eclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse.The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south,in the more northerly regions,the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth,a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000stadium,that's the plural of the world stadium.Today,it's not known exactly what length one stadium represents,but let's say it was about200meters,the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.3.文科xx：文学名著Continuing our survey of the 19thcentury,let's take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south.The book was extremely popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Tom's Cabin, it's far from Stowe's best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all.In fact,Stowe's best writing is about village life in the New England's states in the 19th century. In recording to the customs of the villages she wrote about,Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible.She usually succeed, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail.In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life,since she was born in Connecticut.As a young woman there,she worked as a teacher.The teaching job helped lead to her first published work,a geography book for ter when she was married,her writing helped her support her family financially.Throughout her life,she wrote poems,travel books,biographical sketches and children's books, as well as novels for adults.94.生活xx：噪音影响generate a list of damaging noises.:C25.文科xx：电影艺术To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of movies in the United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesdayevenings at 7o'clock in Jennings Auditorium.That's our lab.Then during our Wednesday seminar, we'll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films in this course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture,The Jazz Singer,released in 1927.The next week,we'll be looking at The Gold Diggers of 1933, a piece that is very representative of the escapist trend in films released during the depression. Some of the films we will be watching will probably be new to you, like Frank Capra's Why We Fight. Others you might have already seen on TV like Rebel without A Cause starring James Deane,or Stanley Cooper's Doctor's Strange Love. However, I hope you see even familiar film with new eye. In the last three weeks of the course,we will be watching films from the 1980sand you'll choose one of them as a subject for an extensive written critique.We'll talk more about the requirements of the critique later in this semester.6.文科xx：历史发展Last time, we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides:7.文科xx：传媒变迁Moving away from newspapers,let's now focus on magazines.Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review and it was started in London in1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its contents itwas much different.Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government.Now,in England at the time,people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that is what happened to Daniel Defoe.He was the outspoken founder of the review.Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the Review from prison.You see,he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazinestarted to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week. It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis and philosophical essays.8.理科xx：远程教育Hi, Lynn. I saw you at registration yesterday. I sailed right through, but you were standing in a long line." k+ q$ f$ |5 {7 a$ A% TYeah. I waited an hour to sign up for a distance-learning course.7 ]1 r( X:y- e* _Distance learning? Never heard of it.Well, it's new this semester. It's only open to psychology majors. But I bet it'll catch on elsewhere. Yesterday, over a hundred students signed up.Well, what is it?It's an experimental course. I registered for child psychology. All I have got to do is watch a twelve-week series of televised lessons. The department shows them seven different times a day and in seven different locations.Don't you ever have to meet with professor?( f# |9 ?5 `5 uYeah. After each part of the series I have to talk to her and the other students on the phone, you know, about our ideas. Then we'll meet on campus three times for reviews and exams.7 H2 Y/ k:T/ P0 s; m1 oIt sounds pretty non-traditional to me. But I guess it makes sense, considering how many students have jobs. It must really help with their schedules, not to mention how it will cut down on traffic.( P+ B+ Q0 J0 }You know, last year my department did a survey and they found out that 80 percent of all psychology majors were employed. That's why they came up with theprogram.Look, I'll be working three days a week next semester and it was either cut back on my classes or try this out.The only thing is:doesn't it seem impersonal though?I mean,I miss having class discussions and hearing what other people think.Well, I guess that's why phone contact's important. Any way, it's an experiment.Maybe I'll end up hating it.Maybe. But I'll be curious to see how it works up.9.生活xx：游览沼泽地公园10.理科xx：地理冒险Emerson and Scott.。