Unit 1Great scientistsBrief Statements Based on This UnitThis unit centers on Great scientists, including some scientists both at home and abroad likeJohn Snow and Copernicus.The students should be encouraged to practise talking about thesescientists.The whole unit can be divided into seven parts: warming up, reading, listening and speaking,In warming up, there is a quiz for the students to do, which will arouse the students’ intere in knowing about the famous scientists and help the students to know science is very important inour daily life.Group discussion and brainstorming will be used in this period to help the studentsto communicate with each other using their previous knowledge.In the reading passage, the students will learn about John Snow, who defeats“King Chole and get a general idea about how to examine a new scientific idea.This will help the students toform their own attitude towards science.In learning about language, the students are encouraged to learn the following words andexpressions: engine, characteristic, radium, theory, scientific, examine, conclude, analyze repeat,defeat, attend, expose, cure, control, absorb, severe, valuable, blame, immediately, handle,announce, instruct, virus, construction, contribute, positive, movement, backward, complete,enthusiastic, spin, reject, view, steam engine, put forward, draw a conclusion, in addition,link...to..., be strict with, lead to, make sense, point of view.While practising using the language, the students will learn about Copernicus’ RevolutiIn listening and speaking, more chances will be given to the students to learn about otherscientists and their spirit.The students are encouraged to make up their mind to make contributionsto science.The students will be asked to write a letter to Copernicus on the basis of the understanding ofAssessment will help the students to look back what they have learned and focus on thedifficult and important points.So, this unit will be divided intoPeriod 1Period 2Period 3Period 4Period 6Period 7Knowledge aims:Key words in this unit: engine, characteristic, radium, theory, scientific, examine, conclude,analyze, repeat, defeat, attend, expose, cure, control, absorb, severe, valuable, blame, immediately,handle, announce, instruct, virus, construction, contribute, positive, movement, backward, Key phrases in this unit: put forward, know about, look into, in addition, prevent sth.fromdoing, lead to, make sense, punish sb.for, suggest doing sth.steam engine, draw a conclusion, link...to..., be strict with, lead to, point of view.Key sentence patterns:1 But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.3 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Grammar in this unit:Ability aims:2.To guess what will be talked about iEmotion aims:and how science helps to improve our society and change our life.Meanwhile, inspire the studentsto learn from the scientists and form their positive attitude towards science.Period 1Welcome to the UnitThe General Idea of This PeriodThis is the first period of this unit.During this period, the The unit centers on“great scientists”．students should be encouraged to give their previous knowledge of some of the famous scientists, participate in the activities in class and try to get more information from the discussion.They willtake part in different forms of activities, including pair work, group work, competition, and Words and expressions in this unit will help the students to talk about the topic“great scientists”.Soat the beginning of this period, the teacher should spend some time training the students to read them and help the students pronounce them correctly.The students are encouragedto learn the new words in groups by themselves, using dictionaries and other reference books.Then more time should be given to the students to get familiar with the words and stly, several sentences will be given to the students to help them to know how to use some of the phrases.so from the very beginning, the teacher can This unit is about“great scientists”,students brainstorm something about great scientists.The students are free to say anything that they know.The students will be quite interested in this topic.This activity gives the students a chance to express their feelings about their favorite scientist.At the same time, this activity can stirthe students’ enthusiasm in science.Then the teacher can have the students match the famous scientists with their discoveries, inventions or theories, making sure that they have some common sense about some world-famous scientists.and let other students guess who he or she is talking about.In this way, the students should learn to After that, the students will feel comfortable to do the quiz in the text.The students should beMeanwhile, the students’ interest in scientists and science should be cultivated.So two topicThe post-class activities are designed to arouse the students’ interest in science and encourage them to“DIY—do it yourself” in their daily life if they have some doubt in some areas.Teaching Important PointsHave the students discuss great scientists.Encourage the stUnderstand and learn the following words and expressions: engine, characteristic, radium,theory, scientific, examine, conclude, analyse, repeat, defeat, attend, expose, cure, control, absorb,severe, valuable, blame, immediately, handle, announce, instruct, virus, construction, contribute,positive, movement, backward, complete, enthusiastic, spin, reject, view, steam engine, putforward, draw a conclusion, in addition, link...to..., be strict with, lead to, make sense, point of Teaching DifficultiesTeaching AidsCAI equipment with a Multi-media classroom and other normal teThree Dimensional Teaching AimsKnowledge AimsKnow about the outstanding discoveries, inventions and theories from some well-knownscientists.Try to understand and learn the imporAbility AimsEmotional AimsEncourage the students to learn more about the great scientists and learn fromHelp the students to form the good habit in learning and encourage the students to take part inHelp the students to realize that it is scientific spirit that makes those scientists successful.Encourage the students to develop thTeaching ProcedureStep 1 GreetingStep 2 Lead inT: I’m very glad to see you all here.After a long holiday, all of you look energetic and happy.Ihope that we will work hard together happily all through the year.I do believe that a bright futureis waiting for you.We are sure to realize our dreams in the near future.By the way, I’d li what you would like to be in the future.Let me share your dreams.Anyone who gives your ideawill get a star for your group.Ready?Go!S: I admire Yang Liwei very much, who is a great honour to our motherland.I’d like to be a astronaut like him.T: Yeah, the spacecraft, Shenzhou V, orbited the earth 14 times in 21 hours, making China thethird country to have successfully sent an astronaut into space.I hope you will realize your dream.S: I want to be a doctor.I hope I’ll be an outstanding one and be expert in finding cures forT: That’s a good idea.There are so many patients with cancers in the world, who are suffering S: I want to be an English teacher like you.For one thing, I like English very much; foranother, you are not only strict with us but also patient with us.You are just our friends and maybe T: I’m really glad to hear that.It’s my great honor to be your friends and I like my job verymuch.S: I’d like to be an expert in environment.You see, with the development of industry, ourglobe is seriously polluted.Dirty water, polluted air, and loud noise make our living conditionsT: Yes, someone predicted that the last drop of water in the world would be the tear of humanhink all of us should pay attention to our environment, and make our contributions tobeing’s.I tS: I’m so interested in physics.And I have read Stephen Hawking’s A Brief History ofll know, the development of our societywill go hand in hand with the development of science.T: Yeah, I can’t agree with you more.Science plays an important part in the development ofour society.There are so many examples in the history of human beings.Ss: ...T: I’m so glad to share your dreams.Your ambition and careful thoughts really leave a goodand amazing impression on me.I like them.In this unit, you will learn something about“Greatyou will know what you need in your efforts to realize your dreams after wescientists”.Maybetalk about some world-famous scientists.Before we come to“Warming up”, I’d like you to come toStep 3 Word puzzlesT: Open your books and turn to Page 92.Let(Let the students read the words and expressions together.Help them pronounce the newwords and expressions ter give them some time to practise reading and remembersome easy and important ones.GiveT: Here are some definitions of some of the words from this unit.Please work in pairs andWords Definitions or explanationsA.examine 1.geneB.repeatC.theoryD.immediatelypleteF.valuable 6.having all its parts;G.announceH.controlI.positiveJ.conclude 10.quite certain or sure4, B—2, C—1, D—3, E—6, F—5, G—7, H—9, I—10, T: Now, let’s check the answers.A—J—8. You have done a good job.I will give you some more minutes to go over all the words and1.“All roads lead tomake any sense2.This sentence doesn’t3.Our English teacher is not only strict with4.He is good-looking, apart from5.It is announced that the spacecraft, Shenzhou Ⅵ6.It is not Tom but you who are to blame7.In 1995, the Chinese government put forward a plan for“rejuvenating the nation by relying8.Have you drawn any conclusion after you read this passage?T: Well done.So much for the learning of the new words and expressionsStep 4 Brainstormingcome to the title of this unit Great scientists.When we talk about great T: Now let’sS1: Madame Curie, who got two Nobel Prizes, one for physics and the other for chemistry, isS2: It reminds me of the great inventor named Thomas Alva Edison and one of his-nine percent perspiration.”sayings“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninetyS3: Yes, we lead a better life now with the help of science.Without Edison, maybe now we arestill living in a dark world.They really make our life easier and more commore important S4: I also think of one of the quotes from Albert Einstein, “Imagination is than knowledge.”S5: All the scientists are devoted to the career that they choose, and they set good examples toS6: Take all the scientists for example, if we want to be successful in the future, we shouldnot only learn something from our textbooks, but also take part in social practice and get close to S7: I like plants very much.I just think of the two key scientists in the field of botany, CarlLinnaeus and Joseph Banks.The former one laid the foundation for the classification of plants, while the latter one also made great contributions to the development and direction of botany.Ss: ...o see that you have a great deal of previous knowledge of famous scientists in T: I’m glad tthe world.Step 5 Previous knowledgeT: Now let’s match some of the great scientists with their famous discoveries, inventions or theories.Let me see who is the quickest in mindFamous scientistsA.Isaac Newton 1.Evolution (进化论B.Charles Darwin 2.Discovery of Radium（镭）C.Madame CurieD.Albert EinsteinE.Thomas Alva EdisonF.Nicolaus CopernicusG.Stephen HawkingH.Zhang Heng(Check the answers with all the students: A—3, B—1, C—2, D—5, E—4, F—8, G—7,H—6.)T: Since you have a better understanding of some of the great scientists, let’s play a g Please work in groups and describe one of the great scientists, and then let other students guessGroup 1: In the eighteenth century, there lived a great scientist who conducted a number ofexperiments in which he showed what electricity is.Once he did a famous kite experiment on aS: Benjamin Franklin.Group 2: It is said that this English gentleman was sitting in his garden one day whensuddenly he was hit by a falling apple.The story is probably not true, but this man did mention thathe got one of his best-known ideas while watching apples fall from a tree.His name makes youdrew up a system of how objects move.His laws for motion are still used in physics today, at leastS: SirGroup 3:Food is what sets this great mind on fire.Rice, to be exact.This great mind hasspent most of his life looking for ways to help farmers grow more rice so that all of us will haveenough food to eat.He is known as the father of modern rice, but because of his long friendshipGroup 4: He was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England.He has worked on the basiclaws which govern the universe.He sh owed that Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity impliedspace and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes.He has threepopular books published: his best seller A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universesand OtheSs: ...Step 6 QuizT: You have already known some information about some of the great scientists.Now let’a quiz, trying to find out who these scientiQuiz Questions1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps themfloat?2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environmentchanged?4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve1.Archimedes2.Charles Darwin3.James Watt7.Leonardo davinciHawkingT: Please work in groups and have a discussion to find as much information as possible aboutthese ten great s(The teacher had better join in the discussion and give them some guidance whenevernecessary.After the discussion, ask some students to give a short report about what the group have(Refer to the information about these scientistsStep 7 PracticeT: Today we have learned a lot about great scientists in the world.We can learn from them tolive our dreams.And we teachers are too willing to help you.In your opinion, what should ourschool /teS: Our school should give the students more chances to take part in social practiceS: Our teachers should help the students use their imaginationsS: We students should solve the problems on our own.(Ask more students to give their opinions.The teacher should encourage them, join them,Step 8 Discussion (Group Competition)e to ourT: Your ideas are so wonderful and amazing.I admire them very much.Now let’s com topic.(Give the students several minutes to have a discussion.Then let them have a groupcompetition.)Step 9 Summing upT: In this period, we have talked a lot about great scientists.You have a lot of previousknowledge and you are full of imagination and creativity.Those scientists set good examples tos better to read someus.And I think all of us are happy about learning more of them.After class, it’books about them and you can surf the Internet to get more information.And I’d like you to maThe Design of the Writing on the BlackboardUnit 1Great scientistsPeriod 1Welcome to the UnitBrainstormingResearch and ActivitiesDIY1.Cover a glass of water with a piece of thick paper.Put one hand on the paper and turn the2.Fill one glass with fresh water and another glass with salt water. Put an ice cube in eachglass.What happens?Why?3.Find out as many famous sayings from those scientists as possible.Reference for Teaching1.Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury(shropshire) to a moderately wealthy family with astrong intellectual heritage.His grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was a physician, poet and biologistwho laid some of the groundwork for the grandson’s revolutionary ideas.Charles attended ChristCollege at Cambridge with initial thoughts of entering the clergy, but soon took up studies inbiology, zoology and geology.From 1831 to 1836, he served as a naturalist aboard the HMSBeagle on its scientific mission to South America and the Pacific.Back in England, he published aseries of scientific treatises which established his reputation as one of the prominent thinkers ofhis day.From 1842 onwards, he lived on a country estate in Kent and pursued his studies among itsBy 1844, he had written the initial draft of his groundbreaking treatise on evolution andnatural selection.However, he left this work unpublished for several years, preferring to refine andelaborate its core ideas.In 1858, he read a forthcoming paper by a fellow scientist Alfred RussellWallace whose thesis closely parallele d Darwin’s own unpublished ideas, an event which pushedDarwin to go public with his own research.Both Wallace’s and Darwin’s papers were presented to the Linnean Society in a famous July, 1858 meeting. Darwin published The Origin of Species byMeans of Natural Selection in 1859, sparking decades of contentious debate which ultimately ledto the universal scientific recognition of Darwin’s thesis.In later years, he developed his ideasfurther in monographs on different types of plant and animal life.Notes:Shrewsbury: 什鲁斯伯里[英国英格兰西部城市physician: 内科医生(注意区分physicist, 物理学家revolutionary: 创新的HMS: （英国）皇家海军舰船treatises: 论文2.Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo)house was in north London, but during the Second World Warin Oxford, Engl and.His parents’　Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies.When he was eight, his family moved to StAlbans, a town about 20 miles north of London.At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, andthen on to University College, Oxford, his father’s old college. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine.Mathematics was not available at UniversityCollege, so he did Physics instead.After three years and not very much work he was awarded afirst class honours degree in Natural Science.Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-oneworking in that area in Oxford at the time.His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he hadhoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge.After gaining his Ph.D.he became first aResearch Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College.After leavingthe Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics andTheoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.Thechair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who hadbeen the Member of Parliament for the University.It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in1663 by Isaac Newton.Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe.With RogerGeneral Theory of Relativity implied space and time wouldPenrose he showed that Einstein’shave a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes.These results indicated it wasnecessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientificdevelopment of the first half of the 20th Century.One consequence of such a unification that hediscovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation andeventually evaporate and disappear.Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge orboundary in imaginary time.This would imply that the way the universe began was completely His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G F R Ellis,General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, withW Israel.Stephen Hawking has two popular books published: his best seller A Brief History of Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and wasmade a Companion of Honour in 1989.He is the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and one grandchild),and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel andpublic lectures.3.Humphry Davy, a woodcarver’s son, was born in Penzance in 1778. After being educated inTruro, Davy was apprenticed to a Penzance surgeon.In 1797 he took up chemistry and was takenon by Thomas Beddoes, as an assistant at his Medical Pneumatic Institution in Bristol.Here heexperimented with various new gases and discovered the anesthetic effect of laughing gas (nitrousoxide).Davy published details of his research in his book Researches, Chemical and Philosophical(1799).This led to Davy being appointed as a lecturer at the Royal Institution.He was a talented In 1806 Davy published On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity. The following year hediscovered that the alkalis and alkaline earths are compound substances formed by oxygen unitedwith metallic bases.He also used electrolysis to discover new metals such as potassium, sodium,leading scientist and in 1812 was knighted by Davy was now considered to be Britain’sGeorge Ⅲ.With his assistant, Michael Faraday, Davy travelled abroad investigating his theory of In 1815 Humphry Davy invented a safety lamp for use in gassy coalmines, allowing deep coal seams to be mined despite the presence of firedamp (methane).This led to some controversyas George Stephenson, working in a colliery near Newcastle, also produced a safety lamp that One of Davy’s most important contributions to history was that he encourage manufacturers to take a scientific approach to production.His discoveries in chemistry helped to improve several industries including agriculture, mining and tanning.Sir Humphry Davy died in 1829.4.Leonardo da Vinci(b.1452, Vinci, Republic of Florence [now in Italy]—d.May 2, 1519, Cloux, Fr.), Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.His Last Suppe (1495-1497) and Mona Lisa (1503-1506) are among the most widely popular and influential paintings of the Renaissance.His notebooks reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry and a mechanical5.Madam Curie is a French professor of physics.She was born in Poland in 1867.In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland.When she was studying in Paris, she lived a poor life, but she worked very hard.In 1895she married Pierre Curie, and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter.They discovered two kinds of radioactive matter—polonium and radium.In 1904 she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for physics.In 1906 Pierre died, but Marie went on working.She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911.So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes.6.James Watt: British engineer and inventor who made fundamental improvements in the steam engine, resulting in the modern, high-7.Gregor Mendel was an Austrian botanist and founder of the science of genetics.Through years of experiments with plants, chiefly garden peas, he discovered the principle of the8.Archimedes: Greek mathematician, engineer, and physicist.Among the most important intellectual figures of antiquity, he discovered formulas for the area and volume of various geometric figures, applied geometry to hydrostatics and mechanics, devised numerous ingenious mechanisms, such as the Archimedean screw, and discovered the principle of buoyancy.9.Michael Faraday (September 22, 1791—August 25, 1867) was a British scientist(a physicist and chemist) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. He also invented the earliest form of the device that was to become the Bunsen Michael Faraday was one of the great scientists in history.Some historians of science refer to him as the greatest experimentalist in the history of science.It was largely due to his efforts that electricity became a viable technology.The SI unit of capacitance, the farad(symbol F) is namedafter him.。