– 活体背膘厚、眼肌面积等
Back fat thickness, Loin eye muscle area
– 采食量、饲料利用率、生长速度等
Feed intake, Feed efficiency , Growth rate
• 遗传评估：动物模型BLUP
Genetic Evaluation: Animal model BLUP
• 分子标记辅助选择
Marker-assisted selection (MAS)
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1.良种繁育 Genetic improvement • 联合育种或公司育种: 组建超级育种核心群，利用 遗传资源共享、扩大性能测定规模与统一遗传评 估 • Joint Breeding or Breeding Companies: set up a super nucleus population, share genetic resources, largescale of performance testing and genetic evaluation – 全国猪联合育种协作组、温氏 National swine breeding collaboration group Wen’s Company
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1.良种繁育 Genetic improvement • 性能测定： 超声波技术、种猪自动饲喂系统
Performance testing: Ultrasonic technology (B-mode ultrasound ), Automatic feeding system(ACEMA, FIRE)
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1. 良种繁育 Genetic improvement • 猪种资源的保护与利用 Protection and utilization of pig breed resources:
– 国家级保护猪种34个
National protection of 34 pig breeds • 新品种、猪配套系的培育与利用 Development and utilization of new breeds and specialized lines
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2.营养和饲养Nutrition and feeding
–避免断奶应激和商品化全价饲料，满足早期断奶仔猪生 长发育对环境的要求。
Avoid weaning stress, complete commercial feed meet the requirement of early post-weaning growth and development on the environment. environment •实行早期断奶，提高母猪年生产力，要加强母猪饲 养管理。 •Early weaning could enhance sow productivity
中国现代养猪技术
Modern Technologies in Chinese Pig Industry
2008-11-12 Hanover(汉诺威)
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相对于传统养猪技术，中国的现代养猪技术是在改 革开放之后，在市场经济的背景下，借鉴国外猪业 发达国家的经验，结合中国的实际情况不断发展， 形成支撑中国年出栏6亿头商品肉猪的基本技术体 系。这个体系主要包括： Compared with the traditional pig production technology, since China launched reform and openingup, the modern pig production techniques continuous developed, with the operation of market mechanism and use foreign pig industry experience of developed countries and combined with the actual situation of China. The basic technological system for support of 600 millions slaughter pigs per annum has been founded. The system includes: includes
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Main contents
– 良种繁育技术 – 营养和饲养技术 – 生产管理技术 Genetic improvement Nutrition and feeding Production management
– 猪舍环境控制技术 Environmental control – 疫病防治技术 Disease control
– 后备母猪：种用体况 Replacement gilts, body development/condition – 空怀母猪：正常发情 Non-pregnant sows, ensure the normal estrous – 妊娠母猪：确保妊娠过程、初生体重和泌乳 Pregnant sows, ensure the process of pregnancy, birth weight and lactation – 泌乳母猪：确保泌乳和断奶体重（母猪膘情） – Lactating sows, ensure the lactation and weaning weight (body condition)
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2.营养和饲养Nutrition and feeding 能量：多数为消化能 Energy: most of digestible energy (DE) 氨基酸：赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸 、苏氨酸及 胱氨酸等含硫氨基酸 Amino acid: lysine, methionine, L-tryptophan, threonine and cystine 维生素 Vitamin: VB,VC ,VA,VD,VE 矿物质Minerals: Te, Cu, Ca, P, Zn, I, Se, K
• 阶段饲养 Stage feeding • 自由采食与限制饲养
ad libitum and restriction feeding
• 料型：粉料与颗粒饲料、干料与稀料
Feed type: powder and pellet, dry and wet
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2.营养和饲养Nutrition and feeding • 关键是母猪的饲养技术 Key techniques for sows
• 早期断奶日粮：三阶段（第1周、2-3周、3-5周） Early Weaning Diets: Three phase (First week, 2-3 weeks, 3-5 weeks)
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2.营养和饲养Nutrition and feeding
各类全价饲料 complete feed
• • • 生长猪 Growing Pigs (25-50kg) 育肥猪 Finishing Pigs (>50kg) 母猪全价饲料Sow Feed
10பைடு நூலகம்
2.营养和饲养Nutrition and feeding 各类全价饲料 complete feed.
• 哺乳仔猪教槽料：奶类、乳清粉、油脂、香味剂、膨化谷 物等
• Creep Feed for nursing piglets: Milk, whey powder, lipid, fragrance agent, extruded corn
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2.营养和饲养Nutrition and feeding
•早期断奶技术 Early Weaning
四周或三周断奶。2000年后，规模养猪多数采用三 周断奶，少数小规模养猪还采用四周断奶 Weaning at the 4th week or 3rd week. After 2000, the most of large farms weaning at the 3rd week and a few smaller is weaning at 4th week. •技术核心是早期断奶仔猪营养和环境管理 Nutrition and environmental management of early weaning piglet is crucial
– – – – – 后备母猪 Replacement gilts, 空怀母猪non-pregnant sows 妊娠母猪pregnant sows 泌乳母猪lactating sows 种公猪 stud boars
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2.营养和饲养Nutrition and feeding
饲养技术 Feeding techniques
– 培育新品种、猪配套系15个 Developed 15 new breeds and specialized lines
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1.良种繁育 Genetic improvement • 人工授精技术在我国养猪生产中很早就利用，但 是市场化不完善：
• AI technology in pig production has been used early in China, but commercializing imperfections: – 技术培训和服务：发情检查、输精技术、妊娠检查 技术培训和服务：发情 Technical training and services: Detection of estrus, Insemination technology, Detection of pregnancy –种公猪站和精液流通 Boar stud and transportation of sperm – 消耗材料 Consumable
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生产管理技术
Production management
• 全进全出流水线生产工艺 All-in and all-out production procedure • 按周安排生产活动 Working Arrangement by week • 阶段生产工艺：配种妊娠、产仔哺乳、断奶保育、生长 育肥 Stage production procedure, service and pregnancy, farrowing and lactation, weaning and nursing, growth and finishing