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新概念英语第二册39课

5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,
如: Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——> Our teacher told us that light travels faster
than sound.
6)当引语是谚语、格言时,
示过去的时间时,
如: He said,“When I was a child, I usually played
football after school.”
——> He said that when he was a child, he usually
played football after school.
alone with 与…一起
Exchange vt.1. 换,更换,调换,掉换:
Most store will allow the customers to exchange their goods.
大多数商店将允许顾客更换商品。 2. 换回,换来,换取 3. 把…换成;用…交换;兑换(for)
变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,
3)地点状语:here变成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”
——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.
4)动词:come变成go,bring变成take 5、直接引语变间接引语,句子结构的变化 1)陈述句。用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主 注意,可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说told that,
3、直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无
须改变的情况
1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候, 如: He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out. 2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,
如: He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.”
——> He told us that he would give us an examination
the next Monday.(不可说told that) 2)直接引语为一般疑问句,(也称是否疑问句,)间接 引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要 改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序,这
Patient
adj.1. 忍耐的;容忍的
2. 坚忍的;耐心的 3. 沉着的;不急躁的 4. 耐心等待的;显出有耐心的 5. 勤快的;孜孜不倦的 n. 1.病人;患者 2. 受动着;承受者
Phrases: patient of 能忍受 patient with 对……有耐心 patient care 病患照顾
一点非常重要。
如: He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
——>He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty
with my pronunciation.
3) 直接引语为选择疑问句,间接引语用
——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时
如: He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4)当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句,表
whether…or…表达,而不用if…or…,也不用
either…or….
如: He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
——> He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
4)直接引语为特殊疑问句,改成间接引语时,原来 的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用 ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。
to, need时
如:She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”
——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
„注‟:此处用had to代替must更好 8)此外转述中的 here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go,如果当天转 述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。
mental patient 精神病人
alone adj. 1. 孤零的,孤单的 2. 单独的;孤独的 adv. 1. 孤零地,孤单地,孤独地 2. 单独地 3. 独自地;孤立无援地 4. 只,只有;仅仅
Phrases:
let alone 更不必说;听任;不打扰 stand alone 孤立;独一无二
2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词 如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方 面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾 语从句的时态要求),变化如下:
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时
Successful n. 成功的,一帆风顺的
Phrases: successful in 在…成功的 Others:
Success n. 成功
Succeed v. 成功 Succession n. 连续;继位;继承权 Successor n. 继承者
Following adj. 下面的;其次的,接着的 n. 下列事物;一批追随者 v. 跟随;沿行(follow的ing形式) prep. 在…之后,接着 Phrases: in the following 在下面;在下文中 immediately following 紧跟着 following system 跟踪系统 following in order 循序
I'd like to exchange this dress for one in a smaller size.
我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的。 4. 交换,互换,轮换 (with):
Inquire vt. 问,打听,询问 vi.1. 问,打听,询问 2. 调查,查问(常与into连用)
Phrases: inquire into 调查,探究 inquire about 询问,查问;打听 inquire of 询问;打听 inquire for 求见;要找 inquire after 问候;询问起
如: He said,“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He
said that practice makes perfect.
7)当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could,
had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used
certain adj.1. 确凿的,毫无疑问的 2. 确定的;固定的 3. 必定的,必然的 4. 可靠的,可信赖 的 pron. 某些;某几个
Phrases: a certain extent 一定程度上 a certain degree 到某种程度 for certain 肯定地;确凿地 certain level 某一水平
句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替,
如: He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.”
——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”
如: He asked,“What's your name?”
——> He asked(me)what my name was.
5)直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语,用带to的
不定式表达,谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn,
order, request等。如ask sb. to do,(由肯定祈使句
变成)ask sb. not to do(由否定祈使句转变),并
且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点
• 1)人称 • 人称的变化——“一主、二宾、三不变”。 意为在改为间接引语时,直接引语里的第 一人称照主句的主语变化。第二人称看主 语的宾语而变化,第三人称无需变化。
• 2) 句式/连词
• 3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动 词的变化
Relative adj. 1. 相互有关的;休戚与共的 2. 与…有关的;相关的 3. 比较而言的 4. 相对的 Even its successes are only relative. 即使成功也只是相对的。 It is a gift for my relative in my hometown. 这是我送给家乡一位亲戚的礼物。
Lesson 39 Am I All Right ?
1、人称的转变
1)直接引语中的第一人称随主句主语变
如: He said,“I am very sorry.”
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