名词（一）一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。
二、名词的分类：1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。
a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, Chinab.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nationsc.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s)France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen)2．普通名词：（1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。
例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information …不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。
如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。
只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多)★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of breadtwo pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread注意：a bag of apples（2）可数名词：可以直接以数字计算的名词。
如one book、two pens。
可数名词有数的变化，即每个名词都有单数和复数两种形式。
可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量：1、直接在其前加数词；2、在其前加of短语（of+可以用作计量的名词）。
如：one egg, two eggs; one basket of eggs, two baskets of eggs★名词复数的构成：a. 一般情况下，直接在词尾加s; 例如：book---books girl---girls desk---desksb.以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在词尾加es；例如：box---boxes bus---buses watch---watches fish---fishesc. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i 加es; 例如：city---cities family---families以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+y 结尾的，直接加s; 例如：boy---boys day---days key---keysd. 以f或fe结尾的，变f或fe为v加es; 例如：knife---knives life---liveswife---wives half---halves但roof, scarf 后直接加se. 以o结尾的，有生命的(或以辅音字母加o 结尾的)加es, 没生命的（或以元音字母加o结尾的）加s; 例如：radio---radios Negro---Negroestomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes zoo---zoos piano---pianos photo--- photos 但hippo后直接加s以下名词特别容易出错，请注意：stomach胃—stomachs, roof屋顶—roofs, reef 暗礁—reefs,belief信仰—beliefs，handkerchief手帕—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves★Man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, child-children, fish-fish/fishes, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen（公牛）, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, mouse-mice policeman-policemen 等注：German(德国人)–Germans只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：few很少的（表示否定），a few一些（表示肯定），many（许多），how many（多少），a number of(许多的), several几个课堂练习：一、写出下列名词的复数形式：1.egg _____________2. watch _____________3. story ______________4. knife _____________5. radio ___________6. tomato _____________7. desk _____________8. glass _____________9. child _______________ 10. sheep ____________ 11. Chinese __________ 12.pencil-box ___________ 13. wife ___________ 14. family________ 15. city____________16. dress ___________ 17.Englishman ___________18. match ___________ 19. exam___________ 20. German __________ 21. potato__________ 22. .juice__________ 23.water________ 24.holiday________25.paper_______ 26.factory______ 27. thief_________28.bus________ 29.class________ 30.glass______31. wife 32. baby 33. policeman 34.brush二、单项选择1. Please pass me _____.A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of watersC. two glasses of waterD. two glass water2. They got much ____ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosrmationD. stories3. He had something to write down and asked me for ______.A.a paperB.some papersC.some pieces of papersD.a piece of paper4. Some ______ are flying kites near the river.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs5. I’d like some water, but he wants _______.A. two bottle orangeB. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles of orangesD. two bottles of oranges6. Look at the _______. You can see______ ________ and ________.A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radioesB. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radiosC. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radiosD. photos; potatos, tomatos, radioes7. Cut the apple into ________. A. halfs B.halves C. half8. Mr. Lin often gives us __________ by e-mail.A. some good informationB. some good informationsC. good informationsD. a good information9. There are _____ in the fields. They’re eating grass.A. a horseB. much horsesC. many horseD. many horses10. I am thirsty. Would you bring me _______, please?A.some breadB.some waterC.some cakesD.some eggs11. ---How great Dalian Radio and TV center looks!---Yes. That’s one of the greatest ________ in Dalian.A. buildingB. buildC. buildingsD. builds12. How many ______ has the old farmer got?A. fieldB. sheepC. muttonD. cow13. The guide has some new _______. She can show them to us.A.riceB.foodC.jacketD.pictures14. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ---__________, please.A.Two cup of coffeeB.Two cups of coffeesC.Two cups of coffeeD.Two cup of coffees15. The _______ are going to fly to Beijing.A.GermenB.GermanyC.GermanysD.Germans16. The _______ has two ___________.A.boys, watchesB.boy, watchC.boy, watchesD.boys,watch17. The boy always stays there for __________.A.one and half hourB.one and a half hourC.one and half hoursD.one and a half hours18. ---They are thirsty. Will you please give them _________? ---Certainly.A.some bottles of watersB.some bottles of waterC.some bottle of waterD.some bottle of waters19. Don’t you think Dalian is one of the most beautiful ________ in China?A.citiesB.cityC.placeD.towns up20. ---What can I do for you? ---I’m looking for __________.A.a pair of shoesB.a pair of T-shirtC.two pairs of hatD.two pair of trousers21. Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident.A.person; lifeB.people; livesC.peoples; livesD.persons; life22. There are ________ on the table.A.a glass of waterB.a glass of milkC.two glasses of waterD.a glass of orange23. There are few _______ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggs24. Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us.A.some good pieces of newsB.some pieces of good newsC.some good piece of newsD.some piece of good news25. There is a lot of ________ in the box.A.cakeB.bags of cakeskD.bags of milk课后作业：一、英汉互译1.一片面包2. 一瓶牛奶3.一箱苹果4. 一碗汤5.一条消息6. 四杯桔子汁7.五包糖果8. 两公斤牛肉9.十一名美国人10. 六名女学生二、用所给名词的正确形式填空。