跨文化交际一、课程基本信息1、课程中、英文名称：跨化交文际、Cross-cultural Communication2、课程类别：专业专选课程3、课程学时：18学时4、学分：2分二、课程的目的与任务：跨文化交际作为一门学科涉及到文化和交际的各个层面，包括语言交际、非语言交际、人们之间的相互交往，以及不同文化之间的观念和信仰等。
该课程的目的在于通过不同文化差异的比较研究，分析跨文化交际案例，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性，提高不同文化语境中语言交际的能力，从而更好地适应不同文化环境。
使学生了解其他文化的社会文化习俗和价值观念；在语言学习的同时，更多关注相关国家的文化，特别是通过与本族文化的对比，提高跨文化交际能力，以适应社会发展和国际交流的需要,增加跨文化交际意识，并最终形成跨文化交际能力。
三、课程的重点和基本要求：（一）课程的重点本课程教学的重点是增强学生对跨文化交际中文化差异的敏感性，帮助学员解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。
通过典型实力分析，模拟交流联系，交际失误分析，英汉双向练习等多种形式，使学生认识语言，文化和交际三者之间的关系，加深对对象国文化的了解，掌握在处理跨文化交际中一些微妙问题时所需要的基本知识和技巧，提高跨文化交流的质量。
（二）．基本要求：1、了解跨文化交际研究的范围和目前发展的动向。
2、掌握跨文化交际研究的基本方法，并运用来解决一些实际问题。
3、奠定向该学科研究纵深发展的理论基础。
四、教学内容及要求本课程以语言学习为前提，强调在语言学习的过程中提高利用外语进行跨文化交际的能力，通过对交际与语言，语言与文化，文化与价值观的学习和讨论，提高跨文化交际意识；通过对文化现象的思考和讨论，反思语言学习过程，增加对文化差异的敏感性；通过课堂活动和案例学习，提高跨文化交际意识和能力，达到有效交流的目的。
1．通过学习，学生能够了解语言及非语言交际在跨文化交际中的重要作用及应用规则。
2．学生应主要注重日常交际的模式化习得；理解中西方谈话风格、行为习惯、思维方式的不同以及克服障碍所需的沟通和理解。
同时，着重掌握中西方世界观在自然、知识、社会、时间及交际等认识方面上的差异性和互补性，增进中西方文化的交流与融合，培养自身的跨文化人格。
3．此外还要求学生通过听讲、阅读、讨论、观看视频、案例分析等方式提高跨文化交际能力。
在学习方式上，利用网络为本课程学生提供了大量的网上资料，包括本课程的教案、大纲、习题，以及展现中英文化特色的文化图片、文化视听材料等。
本课程的教学特点是寓教于乐，通过精心设计的课堂活动使学生仿佛身临其境般地感受他国文化，体验真实的跨文化交际感受。
通过案例分析和课堂讨论等方法使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中了解中英文化差异，学习跨文化交际的技巧，最终达到教学的目的。
具体内容安排及目的：1、An IntroductionIntroduction to the CourseWarm-up Cases2、CommunicationCultureIntercultural CommunicationTo grasp the requirements and assessment of this course; to get a general understanding of Intercultural Communication.3、Daily Verbal Communication(I)Warm-up CasesForm of AddressGreeting4、Daily Verbal Communication(II)Initiating Conversation and Conversation TopicVisitingPartingTo learn the daily expression in intercultural communication; to understand the form of address and conversation topic.5、Daily Verbal Communication (III)Compliments and Compliment ResponsesSocial Functions of ComplimentsDifferences between Chinese and English Compliments6、Daily Verbal Communication (IV)Common Response Formulas of English and Chinese ComplimentsCultural AssumptionExpression of Gratitude and Apology in English and ChineseTo learn the daily expression in intercultural communication; to understand the cultural assumption.7、Verbal Communication(I)Warm-up CasesCulturally Loaded WordsTo get the general understanding of the cultural connotation of words.8、Verbal Communication(II)Cultural Reflections on ProverbsTaboosTo get the general understanding of the cultural connotation of proverbs.9、Verbal Communication(III)Differences in Cultural Thought PatternsCultural PuzzlesTo get the general understanding of cultural thought pattern; to understand the relations between culture and language.10、Nonverbal Communication(I)Nonverbal Communication, Its Underestimated StatusNonverbal Communication, Its Study Areas11、Nonverbal Communication(II)Cultural Differences in Nonverbal CommunicationTime LanguageSpace LanguageTo grasp the importance of role of nonverbal communication in intercultural communication.12、Nonverbal Communication(III)Body LanguagePara-languageTo be familiar with the application rules.13、Cross-gender Communication(I)Warm-up CasesSex and GenderFeminine and Masculine Communication CulturesTo get a general understanding of cultural differences resulted from the differences of Gender consciousness.14、Cross-gender Communication(II)Understanding Cross-gender CommunicationSix Principles for Effective Cross-gender CommunicationTo overcome the obstacles in intercultural communication.15、Case Study and Performance16、Case Study and Performance17、Revision18、TEST五、教学方式与方法采用多媒体课件及板书辅助教学；学生讨论；学生PPT展示；视频观看等。
六、教材及参考书《跨文化交际实用教程》，胡超，外语教学与研究出版社，2012年。
《跨文化交际学》，贾玉新，上海外语教育出版社。
1997。
《中西文化之鉴》，Linell Davis，外语教学与研究出版社，2001年。
《跨文化交际面面观》，胡文仲，外语教学与研究出版社，1999年。
《跨文化交际案例分析》，廖华英，北京理工大学出版社，2010年。
七、考试方式闭卷考试、案例分析八、课程考核方案本课程为考试课，实行百分制，成绩构成如下：（一）平时成绩：包括考勤、课堂表现、作业、个人展示等；（二）考试成绩：100分（三）最终成绩组成说明：平时成绩30%+期末成绩70%九、辅导、答疑安排每周一次在办公室辅导、答疑。
Lesson 1 An IntroductionIntroduction to the CourseWarm-up CasesDiscussion1、Why take Intercultural Communication?Warm-up CasePlease discuss the case in groups and make a comment on it.A Case: Showing ConcernIn China:Xiao Li (an interpreter): You must be very tired. You’re old…Catherine (an elderly American lady): Oh, I’m NOT old, and I’m NOT tired. CommentWhat the interpreter said is quite courteous in China. It means, “If you are tired, we can take a little rest, since you are getting on in years.”The interpreter gave the impression that he thought the elderly lady would collapse any minute if she doesn’t rest immediately.In the West, there is a value placed in being young that many people consciously, or subconsciously, are not willing to accept that they are growing old. The western way of showing concern is generally different from the Chinese way. In China:Xiao Li (an interpreter): You must be very tired. You’re old…Catherine (an elderly American lady): Oh, I’m NOT old, and I’m NOT tired.The Chinese way of showing concern is usually expressed by statement.In the West:A: How are you doing now? Would you like to rest?B: No, not a bit.The western way of showing concern is mainly displayed with question.CommentThis case clearly shows that translation is an intercultural communication, which requires the translator/ interpreter to possess both English cultural knowledge and language competence.2、Different attitudes towards the same objectWhen one coin was lost…Englishman: Not surprised, shrugged his shoulders, going away, without being troubled by nothing.American man: Called a policeman, gave him his telephone number, left with a chewing gum in his mouth.German man: Made a mark within 100 miters on the ground, looking for the lost coin with a magnifying glass.Japanese man: felt sorry for his own carelessness, still blamed him at home, swearing not to make such a silly mistake again.3、People are culturally differentAgricultural Culture: worship land, love land, depend upon land, staying at point with movingNomadic Culture: worship nature, love nature, depend upon nature, moving from one place to another, not fixed at one point.Business Culture: ready to move farther and farther, making more profits for showing the value of life.If only 100 people left in the global village1. 17 speak Chinese2. 9 speak English3. 8 speak Dard4. 6 speak Spanish5. 6 speak Russian6. 4 speak Arabic.7. 50 speak Bengali Bangladesh,Japanese or French.4、People are religiously differentChristianity. About 21.4 billion Christians in the world. Bible. For philanthropy and equal for everybody.Islam. Meaning being obedient; Muslims are those who are obedient Quran. Buddhism. Are you a Buddhist? Buddhists are taught to live for kindness rather than evils.If only 100 people left in the global village1.33 Christians2.18 Moslems3.14 Hindus4.16 no religion5.6 Buddhists6.13 different religions5、People are ideologically differentChinese people and Asians are a bit modest, live for harmony, trying to avoid face to face conflict. Being collectivist.Westerners are being individualist, being equal and different. It is none of my business.6、People are racially differentIf only 100 people left in the global village1.61 Asians2.12 Europeans3.8 North Americans4.5 South Americans5.13 Africans6.1 AustralasianWhy take Intercultural Communication?People are different throughout the world, culturally, religiously, ideologically and racially, actually different in almost every aspect, therefore we are supposed to know about their differences as much as possible, just for a smooth communication among the Homo sapiens, the people in the global village. You will make it by coming to Intercultural Communication.The PurposeThe general purpose of this course is to understand the ways in which culture interrelates with and effects communication processes. Intercultural learning involves affective and behavioral processes, as well as cognitive ones. Throughout this course, you will have the opportunity to gain knowledge, skills and attitudes that will increase your intercultural communication competence.The Objectives1) To explore cultural self-awareness, other culture awareness and the dynamics that arise in interactions between the two.2) To understand how communication processes differ among cultures.3) To identify challenges that arise from these differences in intercultural interactions and learn ways to creatively address them.4) To acquire knowledge and develop skills that increase intercultural competence.5) To have an understanding of the meaning of the cultures understood by the westerners and the easterners or the Chinese and Americans.The Reasons1) Development of Science &Technology2) Globalization of Economy3)Widespread Immigration4) Development of Multiculturalism5) International Communication6) Interracial Communication7) Interethnic Communication or minority communication AssignmentsCase Study —— To Be Direct or NotLesson 2 CommunicationCultureIntercultural CommunicationWhat Is Culture?1.Define cultures yourselfPlease write down whatever comes to your mind when you hear or think of culture.Next, try to figure out how they are related to culture.2. Definition Final1) Culture is the total way of life that a group of people shares.2) Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.3)Culture is an Integrated system of learned behavior patterns which are characteristic of the members of a society and which are not the result of biological inheritance.4) Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.5)Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.3. Elements of Culture4. Culture ——Three Ingredients:artifactsconcepts (beliefs, values, world views…)behaviore.g. Whereas the money is considered an artifact, then value placed on it is a concept, the actual spending and saving of the money is behavior.Culture Like an Iceberga. Objective culture:history, literature, and customs. ( visible, small part)b. Subjective culture: feelings and attitudes about things. (invisible, large part )The Cultural IcebergThe Iceberg of CultureObjective Culture & Subjective Culture1) fine arts, literature, drama, classical music, popular music, folk dancing, games, cooking, dress2) eye behavior, contextual conversation patterns, social interaction rite, facial expressions(1) notions of modesty, conception of beauty, ideal of child rearing, relationships to animals(2)patterns of superior/subordinate relations, definition of sin, courtship practices, conception of justice, incentives to work, notions of leadership, tempo of work, group decision-making(3)conception of cleanliness, attitudes towards dependents, theory of disease, approaches to problem-solving, conception of status mobility, status designations based on age, sex, class, occupation, kinship, etc.(4)nature of friendship, ordering of time, concept of “self”, preference for competition or cooperation, body language, notions about logic and validity, patterns of handling emotions6. Characteristics of Culture1) Culture is shared.The members of a culture share a set of ‘ideals, values, and standards of behaviors’, and this set of ideals is what gives meaning to their lives, and what bonds them together as a culture.2)Culture is learned.Actually, culture is not innate sensibility, but a learned characteristic. Children begin learning about their own culture at home with their immediate family and how they interact each other, how they dress, and the rituals they perform. When the children are growing in the community, their cultural education is advanced by watching social interactions, taking part in cultural activities and rituals in the community, forming their own relationships and taking their place in the culture.3) Culture is symbolic.In order for the culture to be transmitted from one person to the next, and from one generation to the next, a system of symbols needs to be created that translates the ideals of the culture to its members. This is accomplished through language, art, religion and money.4) Culture is integrated.For the sake of keeping the culture, functioning all aspects of the culture must be integrated. For example, the language must be able to describe all the functions within the culture in order for ideas and ideals to be transmitted from one person to another. Without the integration of language into the fabric of the culture, confusion and dysfunction would reign and the culture would fail.5) Culture is dynamic.It is necessary to recognize that cultures are dynamic rather than static. They are constantly changing and evolving under the impact of events and through contact with other cultures. Cultures change through three most common mechanisms: innovation, diffusion and acculturation (calamity).6) Culture is ethnocentric.Ethnocentrism is the belief that your own cultural background, including ways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is correct. Ethnocentrists believe their culture is the central culture and other cultures are incorrect, ineffective, or quaint.CommunicationCan you give some examples to explain the word communication?What is communication?1.Definition of CommunicationGenerally speaking, communication can be defined as a dynamic, symbolic, transactional and contextual process in which people create shared meanings or messages.2.Eight Ingredients of Communicationbehavioral sourceEncodingmessagechannelresponderDecodingresponseFeedbackIntercultural Communication1.What is Intercultural Communication?Intercultural Communication means the exchange or communication between people who have different cultural backgrounds.2.Model of Intercultural CommunicationmentThe more similarities two cultures share, the less influence culture will have on communication. Therefore, the less messages will be changed during communication.The less the cultures are alike, the greater the influence of culture on communication will be, and the more likely the messages will be changed. Misunderstanding in intercultural communication often arises here.4. Barriers in Intercultural CommunicationLanguage differencesNonverbal communicationStereotypesCultural bias on judgmentsHigh level of stressThe Difference between Chinese and Western Cultures1. The attitudes by foreigners towards Chinese People2. The attitudes by Chinese towards Westerners3.Man and Nation4.The way of lifeAssignmentsVideo Watching:Gua Sha 《刮痧》Lesson 3 Daily Verbal Communication(I)Warm-up CasesForm of AddressGreetingObjectivesLearn the differences of addressing people and greeting between Chinese and western culture.Learn what are the topics at the beginning of the conversation.Learn how to visit someone and how to leave.Warm-up casesTwelve cups of teaQuestion 1:Why did I have 12 cups of tea?Question 2:How could you help “I” in this caseout of the awkward situation?1. Addressing PeopleDiscuss the differences in addressing people between English and Chinese cultures. How to address people?AcquaintanceMr. Ms. or Mrs. + surnameVIPTitle + full name/ surnameAmbassador大使Doctor博士Duke 公Marquis or Marquess侯Count or Earl伯Viscount子Baron男StrangerMr. Madam (only use the word Sir if he is much older than you or you don’t know his surname but he is a VIP)Young peopleYoung man Young LadyKid(s) Young Master(小王子)How to express fu +title?Tips:行政头衔以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔，可用vice、deputy 表达。