初高中知识衔接：句子成分& 五种简单基本句型温馨提示：高中教材中，无论是要点讲解，书面表达，还是从句学习都会涉及句子成分，任何一个句子都需要严格的语法结构来组成，否则就会出现错误的句子,读不懂句子或则在作文中丢分。
因此，在进入高中学习之前，同学们一定要掌握句子成分。
•S: Subject 主语；V: Verb 动词（谓语）；•O: Object 宾语；P: Predicative 表语；•OC: Object Complement 宾语补足语；•InO: Indirect Object 间接宾语；DO：Direct Object 直接宾语一．句子成分a. 主语（subject）：请画出下列句子的主语并思考由什么充当的主语：1. The sun rises in the east.2. He likes dancing.3. Twenty years is a short time in history.4. Seeing is believing.5. To see is to believe.6. What he needs is a book.7. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.总结：从以上7个句子我们可以知道，一个句子的主语可以由________ ___________充当。
b.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的请画出下列句子的谓语We study English.I sleep.He is asleep.c. . 表语（predicative）:常见系动词: be, sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste（吃）, remain，keep, stay（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）,变得（become, turn, go, get）,seem(似乎)，appear(好像)...e.g: 1.It sounds a good idea. 2.The boy looks smart.3.The food smells delicious.4.The food tastes good.5.The door remains open.6.Now I feel tired.7. The shop stays open until 12. 8. The food went bad.9. The room became dirty. 10. He keeps silent all day.请画出下列句子的表语：1. He is a teacher.2. He is kind.3. His father is away.4. The picture is on the wall.归纳总结：一个句子的表语可以有__________ _________ ________ __________ 等充当。
d. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾（动词后）/介宾（介词后的名词，代词，动名词）/双宾请画出下列句子的宾语：1. I like China.2. He hates you.3. How many do you need? We need two.4. I enjoy working with you.5. I hope to see you again.6. Did you write down what he said?2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾1.Are you afraid of the snake?2.Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）1．He gave me a book yesterday.2. Give the poor man some money.归纳总结：一个句子的宾语可以有__________ _________ ________ __________ ___________ __________充当。
e. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
请先画出下列句子主语，谓语，宾语，然后找出宾补1. We elected him monitor.2. I wish her happy.3. She allows me to come in.4. Don’t let him do that.5. She kept me waiting.6. I heard a song sung.归纳总结：一个句子的宾补可以有__________ _________ ________ __________ ___________ __________充当。
二、句子的基本句型结构:由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型：英语五种基本句型列式如下：1. ＳＶ（主＋谓）______________________________2. ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）___________________________3. ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）____________________________4. ＳＶ InＯ DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）______________________5. ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）_________________________请分析下列句子分别属于哪一种句型并把番号填在横线上：a. I have a lot of friends here.b. Tom lent me 200 dollars.c. Now I feel tired. d. He is an honest student.e. The silk feels soft.f. The food smells delicious.g. The machine doesn’t work.h. Birds fly.i. we are walking on the playground. j. I saw him writing a letter.k. I find maths difficult. l. We call her Lily.m. Father asked me to turn off the TV.Exercise: 分析下列同学自我介绍中的句子属于哪一类？(1)My name is Jin Yaqian. I like singing very much. In my opinion, it can give me a lot of fun. So I always ask my friends to go singing with me. I will succeed one day.(2)My name is Jia Qiao. Some people call me Joy. Time flies. I’m 17 years old now, I feel happy to study in QiangXiang Middle School. I enjoy writing diaries in my blog and playing the piano. I always tell myself to be confident.当堂训练：综合练习I. 说出下列各句的成分名称1. The factory makes cars.A B CA.__________B.__________C.___________2. He walks after supper.A B CA.__________B.__________C.___________3. Little Tom surfs the internet at home.A B C DA.__________B.__________C.___________D._____________4. He can dance.A BA.__________B.__________C.___________5. Tom is a student.A B CA.__________B.__________C.___________6. English is very important.A B CA.__________B.__________C.___________7. Seeing is believing.A B CA.__________B.__________C.___________8. QiangXiang Middle school is a beautiful place.A B CA.__________B.__________C.___________9. I have been collecting them for many years.A B C DA.__________B.__________C.___________D._____________10. ~~your question will sound much more polite.A B CA.__________B.__________C.___________11. And doing this will help you become better at English.A B C DA.__________B.__________C.___________12. He told me to cloze the door.A B C DA.__________B.__________C.___________D.___________13. My father bought me a car.A B C DA.__________B.__________C.___________14. The teacher tells us a funny story everyday.A B C D EA.__________B.__________C.___________D._________E._________II. 翻译下列句子（注意要求）1. 谁买的这辆自行车？（主谓宾）______________________________________________________________________ 2. 他正在弹钢琴。
（主谓宾）______________________________________________________________________ 3. 我让他看了看我的身份证。