句子The Sentences知识要点：句子按使用的目的可分为四类：1、陈述句2、疑问句3、祈使句4、感叹句从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences）1、陈述句：（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。
（2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。
说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。
2、疑问句：（1）一般疑问句：Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。
Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。
说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。
回答要用yes或no。
（2）特殊疑问句：Who is the man? 这人是谁？When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句）（3）选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。
Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。
说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。
（4）反意疑问句：They are going to the airpor t, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。
在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。
He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。
3.祈使句：a．陈述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。
b．否定句：Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。
说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。
4.感叹句：感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。
例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。
例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！What +名词+陈述语序。
例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！What +a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序。
例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。
例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。
例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!what + n.：What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！how + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！how + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！How + adj. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。
what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。
二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences）1、简单句的句子的类型：一个主语+一个谓语，例：The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。
两个主语+一个谓语，例：Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。
一个主语+两个谓语，例：He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。
两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends.史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。
结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例：Hello! 喂！Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！Many thanks. 万分感谢。
2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）句型结构：（1）主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例：Birds fly. 鸟飞They disappeared. 他们消失了。
（2）主+ 连系动词+ 表语：S + V + P，例：She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。
He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。
（3）主+ 及物动词+ 宾语：S + Vt + O，例：He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
We help each other. 我们互相帮助。
（4）主+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例：I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。
They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。
（5）主+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例：They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。
I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。
注：S = Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative （表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语重点、难点：否定陈述句要注意下列几点：（1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。
常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。
（2）其他成分的否定形式有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。
否定的主语：Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。
None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。
No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。
否定的宾语：We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。
He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。
You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。
否定的状语：They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。
We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。
（3）不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定。
All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )这里的树并非都是苹果树。
（有的是苹果树，有的不是。
）Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)这姐儿俩并不都是护士。
Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )并不是人人都能做这件事。
【专项训练】：一、陈述句和疑问句：1、They happy when they hear the news.A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t2、——“ Is your uncle a driver?”——“.”A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my anut isC．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does3、We satisfied with their work.A．don’t B．are not C．won’t D．weren’t being4、He coffee at all. He tea.A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t preferC．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of5、She me only twice since last year.A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city.A．used to live, lives B．used to living, livedC．uses to live, is living D．was used to live, lives7、You make such mistakes again.A．should never B．should not alwaysC．would always not D．would not forever8、“Can you drive a car?” “.”A．Yes, and Jim can’t too B．Yes, but Jim can’tC．No, but Jim can, too D．No, but Jim can’t9、“Are you going to the super market?” “ No, .”A．I cycle there B．I walk thereC．to the work D．I’ve already been there10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it.A．usually drinks B．is usually drunkC．usually is drunk D．drank usually11、“Is she going to the post office?” “No, .”A．she do esn’t B．she goes by bikeC．to the shops D．she’s on the bike12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball.A．doesn’t, is B．doesn’t, were C．is, does D．was, is 13、When home from work?A．do your parents come B．does your parents comeC．have your parents D．our parents come14、Which of the students the examination?A．not pass B．didn’t pass C．pass D．didn’t passed 15、They trouble lifting the heavy box.A．didn’t have many B．hadn’t a lot ofC．didn’t have much D．haven’t a great deal of 16、——“Did you have breakfast this morning?——“.”A．Yes, I had B．Yes, I did C．No, I hadn’t D．No, I didn’t have. 17、colour is the cover of the dictionary?A．What B．Which C．How D．Whose18、“does he brush hi s teeth a day?” “Twice.”A．What time B．How long C．When D．How many times 19、There are many pictures on the wall.do you like best?A．What B．Which oneC．Which of the picture D．Which one picture20、Since when her?A．did you know B．have you knownC．do you know D．you know21、“That ten pound note belongs to me.” “.”A．Yes, it is B．Yes, it belongs C．No it doesn’t D．No, it isn’t 22、“Would you rather wait or come back later?” “.”A．I’d rather come back B．Yes, I’d rather not waitC．No, I’d rather wait D．to come back23、“shoes do you take?” “Size 42.”A．Which number B．What numberC．What size D．What24、“is the weather like today?” “ It’s windy.”A．What B．How C．What kind D．Which25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ?A．if have B．if any C．if ever D．if not26、is the distance between these two villages?A．How far B．What C．How long D．How much27、do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.A．How many time B．How muchC．How long D．How often28、How it in English?A．you say B．do you speak C．do you say D．to speak29、is the population of the city?A．How much B．How many C．How D．What30、did she get this information?A．Whom B．Who C．Where D．What31、does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.A．How many B．What price C．What D．How expensive32、About do you want to know more?A．Whom B．who C．which D．what33、——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.——What do you suppose to her.A．was happening B．to happenC．has happened D．having happened34、——Have you heard the news about Jim?——No. What ?A．is it B．it is C．are they D．they are 35、——Would you rather go there by train or by air?——.A．Yes, I would B．No, I wouldn’tC．Yes, by air D．By air36、I go or you go yourself?A．Will…will B．Shall…shall C．Shall…will D．Will…shall 37、——Do you think the question easy or not?——.A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．It is easy D．Yes, it’s easy 38、Shall we stay at home or to the park?A．to go B．going C．go D．will go39、writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?A．Whichever B．Whether C．What D．Which40、——was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?——It was open to traffic in 1968.A．What B．What time C．How long D．When二、感叹句、祈使句41、from Beijing to London!A．How long way it is B．What a long way it isC．What a long way is it D．How long a way is it42、Oh, John, you gave us!A．How a pleasant surprise B．How pleasant surpriseC．What a pleasant surprise D．What pleasant surprise43、terrible weather we’ve been having these days!A．How a B．What a C．How D．What44、girl she is!A．What bright a B．How a brightC．How bright an D．What a bright45、we have today?A．How fine day B．What fine dayC．How a fine day D．What a fine day46、How flowers are!A．beautiful B．beautifullyC．beautiful the D．beautiful that 47、How !A．does time fly B．times fly C．time flies D．flies time 48、What work he does!A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．hardest49、careful our monitor is!A．How a B．How C．What a D．What50、advice he gave us!A．What a B．How good C．What good D．How51、picture it is!A．What wonderful B．How a wonderfulC．What wonderful a D．How wonderful a52、I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong!A．How do B．What do C．What D．How53、hardworking students they are!A．What B．What a C．What an D．How54、long time it lasted!A．What B．What a C．How D．How a55、down the radio. The baby’s sleeping in the next room.A．Turning B．To turn C．Turn D．Turned56、Let’s football in the street.A．not to playB．not play C．don’t play D．not playing57、careful when you cross the street.A．Don’t be B．Do be C．Being D．Do58、the child all day long!A．Let, not to cry B．Not let, cryC．Don’t let, to cry D．Don’t let, cry59、afraid of make mistakes!A．Don’t be B．Not to be C．Not being D．Be not60、me again before coming.A．Calling B．To call C．Do calling D．Call三、反意疑问句61、You’d like some coffee, ?A．weren’t you B．wouldn’t you C．hadn’t you D．shouldn’t you 62、I don’t think he will come to the meeting, ?A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．am I63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, .A．do they B．do n’t they C．did they D．didn’t they64、His father knows little about it, he?A．does B．doesn’t C．is he D．isn’t65、We all like reading story books, ?A．do we B．do you C．don’t we D．don’t you 66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre she?A．doesn’t B．does C．is D．isn’t67、Your father promised to buy a computer for you, he?A．often, did B．never, didn’t C．already, did D．never, did 68、Be sure to write to us, ?A．will you B．aren’t you C．would you D．can you69、Don’t smoke in the meeting room, you?A．do you B．will you C．would D．can70、It’s fine today. Let’s go fishing, ?A．will we B．shall we C．do we D．don’t we71、Mary has few friend in Japan, she?A．has B．don’t C．doesn’t D．hasn’t72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ?A．isn’t it B．isn’t there C．is it D．hasn’t it73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ?A．is it B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is there74、He comes late sometimes, ?A．isn’t he B．comes he C．doesn’t he D．is he 75、——You are not a new comer, are you?——. I came here only yesterday.A．No, I am B．Yes, I am C．No, I’m not D．Yes, I’m not.76、She could hardly believe it, ?A．couldn’t she B．could she C．didn’t she D．did she77、You needn’t go, ?A．can you B．must you C．need you D．may you 78、You must work hard from now on, ?A．can you B．won’t you C．mustn’t you D．needn’t you79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, you?A．were B．have C．haven’t D．mustn’t80、He must have left home yesterday, he?A．h asn’t B．didn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t81、You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ?A．am I B．do you C．don’t you D．do I82、You’d better call in a doctor for your mother, you?A．had B．would C．hadn’t D．wouldn’t83、You need to come earlier, you?A．don’t you B．needn’t C．don’t D．won’t84、You dare not go alone, you?A．don’t B．do C．dare D．daren’t85、He shouldn’t drink so much, he?A．should B．ought C．would D．will86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ?A．can we B．can’t we C．can’t it D．can it87、I’m late for the meeting, ?A．amn’t I B．aren’t I C．don’t I D．aren’t you88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ?A．does he B．doesn’t he C．do they D．don’t they89、None of the workers attended the party, ?A．did they B．did he C．didn’t he D．didn’t they90、Everything is right here, ?A．isn’t it B．aren’t they C．are they D．is it91、A lovely day, ?A．is it B．does it C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it92、He isn’t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ?A．isn’t it B．is he C．has he D．is it93、My sister often needs help with her study, ?A．need she B．needn’t she C．doesn’t she D．does she94、You should have watered the flower earlier, ?A．shouldn’t you B．didn’t you C．don’t yo u D．haven’t you95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ?A．is it B．isn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it96、What a pretty girl, ?A．isn’t it B．is it C．is she D．isn’t she97、Wang Ping can’t be in the bedroom, ?A．can she B．is she C．can’t he D．isn’t he98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, ?A．do I B．Shall I C．may I D．can I99、Let us do it for you, ?A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．shan’t we100、They have to face the difficulty, they?A．do B．don’t C．haven’t D．won’t【答案】：1、B2、A3、B4、A5、C6、A7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、C 12、A13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C43、D 44、D 45、D 46、C 47、C 48、B49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B7.若选B 翻译为：你不能再一次经常犯这样的错误。