阅读理解突破(一)——主旨大意题1．主旨大意题的设题方式(1)What is the passage mainly about?(2)What is the main problem being discussed in the passage?(3)What is the main idea of this passage?(4)The passage is mainly about________.(5)Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?(6)The main idea of the passage is________.(7)Which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s main point?(8)This paragraph centers/focuses on________.(9)This passage is chiefly concerned with________.(10)The author’s p urpose in writing this passage is________.(11)What is the best title for the passage?2．解题策略——如何寻找主题句(1)读首句抓大意。
说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头,抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心,因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
(2)读尾句抓大意。
有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾,作为全篇的总结。
(3)读首尾抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句,这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的两次点题的写作方法。
通常前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面点题是进一步的总结,是引申,是发展。
(4)从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句居中,这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现以后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
(5)归纳分析抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,但字里行间无不体现主题。
这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。
1A couple of years ago,before a trip to China,Nicole Davis andher US women’s volleyball teammates were warned about the prominence(显著、突出) of coach “Jenny” Lang Ping in her native country.“I was pushed over by Chinese journalists while I was just tryingto put my luggage on the bus,”said Davis.Known as the “Iron Hammer” for her punishing spikes(扣球),Langmade it possible for China to dominate in the sport in the early1980s.She was a key player on China’s 1984 Olympic gold medal winningteam.When the US team arrived for the Olympics,Lang,48,who is from Beijing,had to take a different route to avoid a crowd of reporters and fans.Then came the greatest moment to Lang：While the US team was playing in a packed gym,at least 8,000 Chinese fans unfurled an American flag.“That really says it all,” Davis said.“They look at her as an icon(偶像)．I’m sure it’s hard for them to see her coaching another country,but they love her so dearly that her success is their success.”The loyalty of the Chinese fans was tested on Friday,when China lost a matchto the US.“It’s a pity that China lost the match,but I’m still glad that Lang Ping’s team won,since she is the pride of China’s volleyball,” said Liu Chengli,a s p e c t a t o r.“W e a l s o c h e e r e d f o r Lang’s victory.”Lang said she just tried to stay professional when the two teams meet.“It doesn’t matter if we play China or any other team.It’s the same.” Lang said.Davis said she and her teammates could not have imagined the passion for volleyball among Chinese because the sport was lack of popularity in the US. The reception from Chinese fans has touched the US players,said US volleyball player Lindsey Berg.“It’s such an honor to be here and play for our coach here in China,”she said.“The amount of support that the Chinese give to her and us has been tremendous.The whole event has been unbelievable.”1．What’s the passage mainly about?A．Staying professional.B．Cheering for the Iron Hammer.C．A match between China and the US.D．Lang Ping’s career as a coach.答案 B解析本篇文章无明显的主题句,但字里行间都在讲述我国著名排球运动员,现美国女排主教练郎平带队到中国参加奥运会并受到了人们的热烈欢迎,故应选B；而D项意为“郎平的教练生涯”,显然不合题意。
但多数学生误选此项,是由于只注意到了局部信息,犯了以偏赅全的错误,而没有真正理解文章主旨。
2．Lang Ping avoided meeting the reporters and fans probably because she ________.A．was afraid to be questioned about her strategyB．didn’t want to be paid much attention toC．disliked to be with her fansD．didn’t want to disturb public order答案 B解析推理判断题。
从文章第四段的内容可以推断出朗平希望不要太被关注。
3．What does the underlined word “unfurled” exactly mean?A．destroyed completelyB．tore into piecesC．spread out to the windD．rolled up答案 C解析词义猜测题。
由文章第五段和第六段可以知道,这里的中国球迷应该是“打开、展开”了一面美国国旗,所以选C项。
4．What does Lang Ping mean by saying “It doesn’t matter if we play China or any other team.”？A．American Volleyball Team will beat any team.B．Chinese Volleyball Team is the same as other teams.C．She just tried to stay professional.D．The results of each match will be the same.答案 C解析推理判断题。
从文章内容可以知道,朗平认为不论是对阵中国队还是其他队,对她来说,这仅仅是一场比赛而已。
由此推断选C项。
5．What impressed the US team players most?A．The tolerance of Chinese people.B．The popularity of volleyball in China.C．Lang Ping’s coaching sk ills.D．The loyalty for volleyball of the Chinese.答案 B解析细节理解题。
从文章倒数第二段的内容可以知道,排球在中国非常受欢迎,所以选B项。
2(2009·北京,E)Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the naturalworld and,at its best,it makes little environmentalinfluence.But with increasing numbers of people wanting toescape into the wilderness,it is becoming more and moreimportant to camp unobtrusively(不引人注目地) and leave nomark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places,particularly in crowded lowland B r i t a i n. Wherever you are,find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces,and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building.For example,it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland,but in England you must ask the landowner’s permission,except in national parks.Camping is about having relaxation,sleeping outdoors,experiencing bad weather,and making do without modern conveniences.A busy,fullyequipped campsite(野营地) seems to go against this,so seek out smaller,more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches.Better still,find a campsite with no road access：walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to ca mp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep.Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment.Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot.When camping in woodland,avoid standing dead trees,which may fall on a windy night.Avoid animal runs and caves,and possible homes of biting insects.Make sure you have most protection on the windward side.If you make a fire,do so downwind of your shelter.Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world.Avoid damaging plants.A good campsite is found,not made—changing it should be unnecessary.1．You needn’t ask for permission when camping in ________.A．national parks in EnglandB．most parts of ScotlandC．crowded lowland BritainD．most parts of England答案 A解析细节理解题。