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工程管理专业英语全文翻译

ion住宅建设
Residential housingconstruction includes single-familyhouses,multi-family dwellings, andhigh-riseapartments[3].Duringthedevelopmentand constructionof suchprojects,thedevelopersor sponsorswho are familiar with the constructionindustryusuallyserveassurrogateowners andtakecharge, making necessary contractual agreementsfordesign andconstruction, andarrangingthe financingandsale ofthecompletedstructures [4]. Residential housingdesignsareusuallyperformed by architects and engineers,and theconstruction executedbybuilderswhohire subcontractors forthe structural,mechanical,electrical andotherspecialtywork.An exceptionto thispatternis forsingle-familyhousesasisshown inFigure 1-2,whichmaybe designed bythebuildersaswell.
工程管理专业英语全文翻译
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Unit 1theowner’s perspective第1单元业主的观点
1.2 MajorTypes ofConstruction1.2大建筑类型
In planningfor various typesof construction,themethodsof procuringprofessional services,awardingconstruction contracts,andfinancingtheconstructedfacility canbe quite different. Forthe purpose of discussion,the broad spectrumof constructed facilities maybe classifiedintofourmajor categories,eachwith its own characteristics.在规划各类施工时,采购专业服务,授予施工合同,建设设施融资方式可能有很大的不同。为了讨论的目的,广泛的建筑设施可以分为四个主要类别,每个类别都有自己的特点。
Sincemostownersare generally interestedinacquiring onlyaspecifictypeof constructed facility, they shouldbeaware ofthe commonindustrialpracticesfor thetype ofconstructionpertinenttothem[1]. Likewise,the construction industry is a conglomeration of quitediverse segmentsand products. Someownersmayprocureaconstructedfacility only once in a longwhile andtendtolookforshort termadvantages. However,manyownersrequireperiodicacquisition of newfacilitiesand/or rehabilitation ofexisting facilities.It is to their advantage to keep theconstruction industry healthyandproductive. Collectively, theownershavemore powerto influencethe constructionindustry thantheyrealizebecause,by theirindividualactions,they canprovideincentivesforinnovation,efficiencyand quality in construction[2].Itis totheinterest ofallparties thattheownerstake anactive interestin theconstructionandexercise beneficialinfluenceon theperformance oftheindustry.由于大多数业主通常只对获得特定类型的建筑设施感兴趣,所以他们应该了解与他们有关的建筑类型的常见工业实践[1]。同样,建筑行业是一个相当多样化的部门和产品的集团。一些业主可能会长时间采购建筑设施一次,并倾向于寻找短期优势。然而,许多业主需要定期收购新设施和/或修复现有设施。保持建筑业的健康和生产力是有利的。总的来说,业主对施工行业的影响力比他们意识到的要大,因为他们可以通过个人行动来提供创新,效率和施工质量的激励[2]。所有各方的利益,业主积极兴趣,对行业表现有利影响。
The residential housing marketis heavily affectedbygeneraleconomicconditions, taxlaws,and the monetaryandfiscalpolicies ofthegovernment. Often,aslightincreaseintotal demandwill cause asubstantial investmentin construction, sincemanyhousingprojects canbe started at differentlocations bydifferentindividualsanddevelopersatthe sametime[5]. Because oftherelativeeaseofentry, at least atthelowerendosthe market, manynew buildersareattractedtotheresidential housingconstruction. Hence,this marketishighlycompetitive,withpotentially highrisks as well as high rewards.住宅建设包括单户住房,多户住宅和高层公寓[3]。在开发和建设这些项目时,熟悉建筑行业的开发商或赞助商通常作为代理业主,负责设计和建造的必要合同协议,并安排完成的建筑物的融资和销售[4 ]。住宅设计通常由建筑师和工程师进行,建筑师由结构,机械,电气和其他专业工作的分包商执行施工。这种模式的一个例外是单户住宅,如图1-2所示,也可以由建设者设计。
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