Unit 1过去分词做定语和表语Part 1 过去分词作定语[例句] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。
1. The polluted water was to blame.2. We should also respect the retired workers.3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.4. He is a teacher loved by his students.5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.[归纳]1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成（见句1）。
作定语的过去分词由_____动词变时，和所修饰的词语之间是________关系。
不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
如句2中的retired , 又如：_______________落叶；_________________升起的太阳。
2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。
_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。
[拓展]2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
如：There is nothing changed here since I left this town.3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。
如：Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.【练一练】一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.This is the severely ___________(pollute) lake I mentioned to you the other day.2.Huang Lin ______________(educate) in Germany has the ability to deal with sucha situation well.3. Do you know the number of books___________(order) by the library?4. Most of the artists_____________________(invite）to the party were from South America.5. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases only__________________(know) to people with special knowledge.二、完成句子(运用过去分词做定语）1. 在会议上提出的问题对我们来说很严重。
The problem ______________ at the meeting is serious to us.2. 不要担心。
在结冰的湖上滑冰是相当安全的。
Don’t worry. It’s quite safe skating on the _______________.3. 为了把英语学好，你应该提高你的口语和书面英语。
In order to learn English well, you should improve your _____________and __________________.4.他十分同情暴晒在太阳下的农民工。
_________________________________________________________5.靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。
__________________________________________________________注意：不定式、-ing分词及动词的过去分词做定语的区别(1) 不定式作定语时，表示即将发生的动作；-ing分词作定语时，表示主动或正在发生的动作；动词的过去分词作定语时，表示已经完成的动作。
如：The text to be learnt tomorrow is said to be very difficult. 明天要学的那篇课文据说很难。
The song learnt last week is very interesting. 上周所学的那首歌很有趣。
The sleeping boy is Li Lei’s bother. 正在睡觉的男孩是李蕾的弟弟。
The boiled water can be drunk. 开过的水可以被饮用。
The question ________________________ this afternoon is of great importance.今天下午要讨论的问题很重要。
The question ___________ last night is of great importance. 昨晚所讨论的问题很重要。
The question _______________ now is of great importance. 现在所讨论的问题很重要。
(2) 使-ing分词作定语时，表示事物的性质或特征；使动词的过去分词作定语时，表示人的心理状态。
如：an interesting story 有趣的故事an interested boy 感兴趣的男孩a surprising gift 意想不到的礼物 a surprised cry 感到吃惊的叫声a moving deed 一件感人的事迹 a moved group很受感动的人群a frightening dog 令人害怕的狗 a frightened boy 感到害怕的男孩an exhausting job令人疲倦的工作 an exhausted expression 疲惫的表情Part 2 过去分词作表语[例句] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。
1. The street is lined with small shops.2. Tom was astonished to see his father.[归纳]过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成_____结构，表示主语的性质、特征和状态。
[辨析]1. 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。
如：The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.The library is now closed.2.有些动词如interest, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况，用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。
如：The book is interesting and I’m interested in it.[强化训练] 从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
1. The Empe ror’s New Clothes is an ______ text. All of us are ______ about it.A. exciting; excitingB. excited; excitedC. excited; excitingD. exciting; excited2. With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buriedC. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried3. —I’m very ______ with the dish I cooked. It looks nice and smells delicious. —Mm. It does have a ______ smell.A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant4. I have read plenty of books ______ by Lu Xun.A. writtenB. wroteC. writesD. writing5. His nephew, ______ at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative.A. losingB. losesC. lostD. being lost6. They had beef and ______ for supper.A. smoking fishB. fish smokingC. fish to smokeD. smoked fish7. She asked if there was anything _______ for tonight.A. to planB. plannedC. that plansD. Planning【巩固练习】一．使用—ing从句或-ed从句, 使两个句子合并为一句.1.I didn’t talk much to the man. The man was sitting next to me on the plane.2.The taxi broke down. The taxi was taking us to the airport.3.At the end of the street there is a path. The path leads to the river.4. A window was broken in the storm last night. It has now been repaired.5. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting. Most of them were notpractical（实际的）..6. A man was arrested(逮捕) by the police. What was his name?二，选择正确答案。