作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第0章序言及预备知识第一节序言(1)1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)华罗庚2、理论计算与证明:(1是无理数。
(2)Show that there are infinitely many Ulam numbers3、用Mathematica 数学软件实现A Ulam number is a member of an which was devised byand published in in 1964. The standard Ulam sequence (the (1, 2-Ulam sequence starts with U 1=1 and U 2=2 being the first two Ulam numbers. Then for n > 2, U n is defined to bethe smallest that is the sum of two distinct earlier terms in exactly one way 。
By the definition, 3=1+2 is an Ulam number; and 4=1+3 is an Ulam number (The sum 4=2+2 doesn't count because the previous terms must be distinct. The integer 5 is not an Ulam number because 5=1+4=2+3. The first few terms are1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 16, 18, 26, 28, 36, 38, 47, 48, 53, 57, 62, 69, 72, 77,82, 87, 97, 99(1)Find the first 200 Ulam numbers(2)What conjectures can you make about the number of Ulam numbers less than an integer ?n Do your computations support these conjetures?作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第2节序言(2)1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(2)陈景润2、理论计算与证明:(1)用数学归纳法证明:! n n n ≤(2)用数学归纳法证明:2!(n n n ≤≥4 3、用Mathematica 数学软件实现The problem, also known as the Collatz problem, the Syracuse problem, Kakutani's problem, Hasse's algorithm, and Ulam's problem, concerns the behavior of the iterates of the function which takes odd integers to and even integers n to +3x 1n 3n +12n . The +3x 1 Conjecture asserts that, starting from any positive integer, repeated iteration of this function eventually produces the value 1.n 参考文献:Jeffrey C. Lagarias, "The 3x 1+ problem and its generalizations".初等数论练习册作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第3节预备知识1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)王小云(山东大学)(2)The tower of Hanoi2、理论计算与证明:(1)设n f 是第n 个Fabonacci 数,,则11F 10⎛⎞=⎜⎝⎠⎟1n 1F n n n n f f f f +−⎛⎞=⎜⎟⎝⎠(2)求证:212232122... n n n f f f f f f f −+++=3、用Mathematica 数学软件实现(The tower of Hanoi puzzle)The Tower of Hanoi or Towers of Hanoi is a mathematical game or puzzle. It consists of three rods, and a number of disks of different sizes which can slide onto any rod. The puzzle starts with the disks in a neat stack in ascending order of size on one rod, the smallest at the top, thus making a conical shape.The objective of the puzzle is to move the entire stack to another rod, obeying the following rules:•Only one disk may be moved at a time.• Each move consists of taking the upper disk from one of the rods and sliding it ontoanother rod, on top of the other disks that may already be present on that rod.• No disk may be placed on top of a smaller disk 参考文献:[1]、http://wipos.p.lodz.pl/zylla/games/hanoi5e.html[2]、作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第一章整数的可除性第1节整数的整除性1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)素数有无限个的多种证明方法.(2 欧几里德高斯2、理论计算与证明:(1)证明:3|,其中是任何整数。
(1(21 n n n ++n (2)若是形如ax (0ax by +0by +, x y 是任意整数,是两个不全为零的整数的数中的最小正数,则。
, a b 00( ax |(by ++ax by作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第2节带余数除法、辗转相除法1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)DONALD KUNTH2、理论计算与证明:(1)证明,其中0(, a b ax by =+000ax by +是形如ax by +(, x y 是任意整数)的整数里的最小正数,并将此结果推广到个整数的情形。
n (2)求(。
252,198 (3)设1n f +和2n f +是连续的Fibonacci 序列,,求证:1n >12(, n n f f ++=1作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第3节最大公约数1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)Fibonacci2、理论计算与证明:(1)证明两整数互质的充分与必要条件是:存在两个整数满足条件。
, a b , s t 1as bt +=(2)设是正整数,是大于1的整数。
证明:, m n a (, (1, 1 m n m n a a a 1−−=−。
(3)如果是正整数,则, m n (, (, m n m n f f f =。
作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第4节最小公倍数、素数与算术基本定理1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)ALTE SELBERG2、理论计算与证明:(1)若是素数,则是2的方幂。
2n +1n (2)设都是正整数,则, , a b c max{, , }min{, }min{, }min{, }min{, , }a b c a b c a b a c b c a b c =++−−−+ 由此证明:(, , [, , ](, (, (,abc a b c a b c a b a c b c =作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第6节函数[x]与{x}1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1) PAUL ERDOS2、理论计算与证明:(1)求30的标准分解式。
! (2)求的末尾有多少个零?20! (3)设是任一正整数,n α是实数,证明:(i )[][]n n αα⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦(ii )11[][... [[]n n n nααα−+++++=α作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第二章不定方程第1节二元一次不定方程1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)整理Fermat last theorem 的历史过程2、理论计算与证明(1)解方程 1525100x y +=(2)证明:二元一次不定方程的非负整数解为, 0, 0,(, ax by N a b a b +=>>=1N ab ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦或1N ab ⎡⎤+⎢⎥⎣⎦。
(3)解方程234x y z ++=5作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第三章同余第1节同余的概念1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)G .L. DIRICHLET2、理论计算与证明(1)找出被2,3,5,6,7,9整除的整数的刻画.(2)设,证明: 1101010... ,09n n n n i a a a a a −−=+++≤≤011|11|(1 n i i i a a =⇔−∑(3)证明:32.641|21+作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第1节剩余类及完全剩余系、简化剩余系1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)DA VID HILBERT2、理论计算与证明(1)证明2(1( ( ... ( , p p p p ααϕϕϕϕ++++=p 为素数。
(2)求(200ϕ。
作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第2节欧拉定理及费马小定理1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)PIEERE DE FERMAT(2 ANDREW WILES2、理论计算与证明(1)设p 是素数,是整数,则.12, h h 1212( (modp p p h h h h p +≡+ (2)设n 是正整数,则. |( d nd n ϕ=∑(3 设p 是素数,如果p p p x y z +=, 证明:|p x y z +−.作业次数:学号姓名作业成绩第四章同余式第1节基本概念及一次同余式、孙子定理1、数论人物、资料查询:(每人物写600字左右的简介)(1)RSA 三个人物(2 整理 The RSA Cryptosystem2、理论计算与证明(1)解同余式(i (iii 95(iii 25(mod7x ≡ (mod25x ≡256179(mod337 x ≡ (2 设是正整数,,证明:m (, 1a m = ( 1(mod m x ba m ϕ−≡是同余式的解。