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Methods and solutions
What can we do to avoid this?
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Methods and solutions
Step1: Search Air Quality Index first,reduce outdoor exercise if it’s beyond 100. Step2: Wear N95/KN90 mask while density of PM2.5 reach 150.
Updated Every hour
SO2 NO2 PM10
Updated Every day
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haze
＋ N ＆ O = SO
＋
PM 2.5
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Basic information of the Haze
What is PM
PM:Particulate matter
可吸入颗粒物
颗粒物
PM 10: inhalable particles PM 2.5: particles can be drawn into lung
Xi’an 2013
London 1952
Xi’an 2013
4
Basic information of the Haze
On Dec. 5, 1952, a thick layer of fog settled over the streets of London, blanketing the city. This was no ordinary winter mist, but rather a noxious haze of sulfur dioxide from coal-fired industrial factories and cook stoves in London homes. It took 20 years to solve the haze in London.
3、Fog&haze weather, the air will often with bacteria and viruses, easy to spread the diseases. 传播疾病 4、It is not conducive to the growth of children 不利于儿童成长 5、 Negative influence psychological health 心理健康
101-150
151-200
Very Unhealthy
Hazardous
201-300
> 300
Off the charts！爆表了！
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Basic information of the Haze
Xi’an first got No.1 in the ranking of the Chinese cities!
N95
KN90
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Step3: Light diet and drink plenty of water.
Step4: Do not open the window in the haze
Measurement
AQJ (Air Quality Index)
空气质量指数
API (Air Pollution Index)
空气污染指数
PM2.5(particulate matter) PM10(particulate matter) SO2（sulfur dioxide） NO2（nitrogen dioxide） O3 （ozone） CO(carbon monoxide)
祝贺交大主楼发射成功!
Since after
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Basic information of the Haze
In 1952, the London’s severe fog lasted for 5 days, leading to death of 12,000 people.
London 1952
Basic information of the Haze
The most distance way in the world is that I couldn’t see Chairman Mao even though I am right in front of the Tiananmen!
可入肺颗粒物
Particle size<2.5μm
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Basic information of the Haze
AQI / Air Quality Index Levels of Health Concern Good Moderate
0-50
Nhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy
世界上最远的距离，是我就 站在天安门前却看不到毛主 席！
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First of all , what is smog?
The term "smog" was invented to describe the combination of smoke and fog experienced by the city of London in the early 1900s. Modern smog, however, is typically formed by chemical reactions in the lower atmosphere. This is known as photochemical smog. Smog is a combination of fog and haze. Aerosol system composed of the air in the dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other particles cause visual disorder called haze. When the air humidity increases, haze will be transformed into the fog.
Fog and Haze/Smog
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Contents
I. Basic information of the Haze
II. Causes of hazy weather
III. The harm of smog
IV. Methods and solutions
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Basic information of the Haze
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Causes of hazy weather
1. Large pollutant emission (The burning of coal and oil)
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Causes of hazy weather
2. Disadvantageous condition for dispersal 扩散不利 （the low atmospheric air pressure. No wind、no rain）
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Haze particles may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat in healthy individuals, where the irritation resolves on its own in most cases. ·Haze particles can affect the heart and lungs, especially in people who already have chronic heart or lung disease e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure. ·There may be up to 1-3 day time lag between exposure to haze and health effects/ symptoms.
Basic information of the Haze
Comparison of Fog&Haze
Relative Humidity
相对湿度
Visibility
能见度
Fog雾 Haze霾
>90%
<1km 1km-10km
<80%
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Basic information of the Haze
what is smog ?
Modern smog is caused by the photo-chemical reaction of a mixture of man-made pollutants, heat and sunlight. Combined together under the right circumstances they produce smog’s main component: ozone. This colorless gas is found naturally in the Earth’s upper atmosphere where it acts as a shield against the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays but when it forms close to the ground it can cause problems to your health and can even damage crops, trees and vegetation.
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Basic information of the Haze
In China, a lot of cities are suffering from the same problem now.