第二部分章节题库第1章导论I.Fill in the blanks.1.In Saussure’s view,the relationship between signifier(sound image)andsignified(concept)is_____.（北二外2003研）【答案】arbitrary【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
2.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication.This quality is labeled as_____.（北二外2003研）【答案】displacement【解析】移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。
3._____refers to the role language plays in communication(e.g.to express ideas, attitudes)or in particular social situations(e.g.Religious,legal).（北二外2016研）【答案】Function【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。
功能指的是语言在沟通中（例如表达观点、态度）或在特定社交场合（如宗教、法律）中所起的作用。
4.The features that define our human languages can be called_____features.（北二外2006研）【答案】design【解析】人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。
5.The term_____originates from Malinowski’s study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders.It refers to the social interaction of language.（中山大学2006研）【答案】phatic communion【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski提出。
6.Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language,that is,language has _____,interpersonal and textual functions.（中山大学2008研）【答案】ideational【解析】韩礼德将儿童的语言功能范围逐渐缩小，简化成为一套高度符号化和抽象化的功能：概念、人际、语篇功能。
7.Our language can be used to talk about itself.This is the_____function of language.（中山大学2005研）【答案】metalingual【解析】语言的元语言功能是指语言可以用来讨论语言本身。
8.Linguistics is usually defined as the_____study of language.（北二外2003研）【答案】scientific【解析】语言学通常被定义为研究科学的语言，或对语言的科学研究。
9._____studies how the speech sounds are made,transmitted,and received,and _____studies the rules governing the structure,distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.（人大2006研）【答案】Phonetics;phonology【解析】语音学研究语音是如何产生，传播以及接收的；音系学研究支配语音分布和排列的规则以及音节的形式。
10._____studies meaning in language,_____is about principles of forming andunderstanding correct English sentences,and_____is concerned with the internal organization of words.They are all among the main branches of linguistics.（人大2006研）【答案】Semantics;syntax;morphology【解析】语义学研究语言的意义，句法学研究构成句子的规则，形态学研究词汇的内部结构。
三者都是语言学的分支。
11._____grammars attempt to tell what is in the language,while_____grammars tellpeople what should be in the language.Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.（人大2006研）【答案】Descriptive;prescriptive【解析】描述性语言记录语言共同体的成员所遵循的规则,规定式的语言学目的在于为正确使用语言定下各种规则。
12._____is the study of the language-processing mechanisms.It is concerned withthe storage,comprehension,production and acquisition of language;_____on the other hand,attempts to show the relationship between language and society.They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics.（人大2006研）【答案】Psycholinguistics;sociolinguistics【解析】心理语言学研究语言处理机制，如语言的记忆，理解及习得等；社会语言学研究语言与社会之间的关系。
13.Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actualphenomena or data of linguistics(utterances)as_____and_____.The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community,and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.（人大2006研）【答案】langue;parole【解析】索绪尔用语言和言语来区分说话者的语言能力和言语上（表达的）的实际表现或语料。
14.Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performingheavy work has been called the_____theory.【答案】yo-he-ho【解析】语言的起源有“汪汪”理论，“噗噗”理论和“哟嘿吼”理论。
“哟嘿吼”理论语言起源于原始人共同劳动时发出的有节奏的哼哟声。
15.The description of a language as it changes through time is a_____study.【答案】diachronic linguistic【解析】历时语言学集中研究几十年或几百年的时期内两个或比两个更多的语言状况的差异。
16.Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s_____.【答案】competence【解析】索绪尔的语言与乔姆斯基的语言能力相似，因为二者都指抽象的语言知识，不是实际使用中的语言。
Ⅱ.Multiple Choices.nguage at first consisted of_____ejaculations of pain,fear,surprise,pleasure, anger and so on.A.rhythmicalB.imitativeC.expressiveD.emotional【答案】D【解析】在最初的生活中，如同动物一般，人类由于痛苦，害怕，开心等情感产生了一些喊声和叫声，这就是语言的始祖，慢慢地，这些喊声被越来越广泛的运用了，于是便成了语言。
nguage is_____.A.instinctiveB.non-instinctiveC.staticD.genetically transmitted【答案】B【解析】语言是人类特有的非本能的交流方式。
近代科学实验表明，语言并不像人们通常所想，是本能的，或靠基因遗传的，而是只有在一定的社会环境中才能形成。
语言也不是固定不变的，它随着社会的发展不断得到扩展和更新。
3.By_____we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and recursiveness.（西安外国语学院2006研）A.arbitrariness。