Module 8 Unit 2 The universal language1.in the U/universe →an university；Beijing University(专有名词前无冠词the)；go to university；university/college/academy/institute →universal adj.普遍的/一般的/共同的/公认的/全世界的/万能的/通用的：universal truth/rule/weakness：universal language/peace2.splendid adj.①极好的≈wonderful/great/fantastic/terrific/superb ②壮丽的/光辉的/辉煌的≈glorious3.star n.①恒星：planet行星；satellite卫星②明星/星形物：superstar →v.(-red/-ring) ③vi.主演：sb star in sth ④vt.由…主演/使…成为明星：sth star sb；a movie starrring sb≈feature4.music→musical→musician；cast (cast/cast) vt.：cast sb (as角色/in sth) →sb be cast as/in…5.cold-hearted≈cruel冷酷的/无情的；warm/kind-hearted热心的/善心的→cold-blooded冷血的；handsome/troublesome/tiresome (注意some的发音)6.empire帝国；emperor/empress →kingdom王国；king/queen/prince/princess7.marry sb≈get married to sb≠be married to sb(可延续)；marry sb to sb →marriage n./u/c/8.in/outdoor adj.：an outdoor sport→in/outdoors adv.；fall/be in love with sb at first sight9.solo ①n./c/独奏/唱/舞/演→duet/chorus ②adj.单独的/独自的/独(奏/唱/舞/演)的③vi.独奏/唱/舞/演④adv.：dance/play/sing/perform solo10.slave n/c/奴隶；salvery n./u/奴隶制度/身份：abolish slavery废除奴隶制度：slaver n.奴隶船/贩子；angel天使≠angle角→uni-单/一：uniform/unique；bi-二/双：bicycle；tri-三：triangle 11.feature n.①特征/特色≈characteristic ②features 面貌/容貌≈appearance/looks ③特写/专门报道→v.④vi.起作用：feature in sth ⑤vt.以…为特色⑥由…主演：a film featuring sb≈star 12.in condition健康；out of condition健康不佳；in…conditions/situations在…状况/情况/形势下；on condition that-clause=if-clause假如；on no condition绝不→(un)condition(al)：unconditional love/surrender投降13.be drunk with≈be lost in/be addicted to→drink/drank/drunk →drunken man/driving（drunk不置于名词前）14.dare v./-s/-d/daring/ ①敢于：dare sb/sth敢于面对；dare to do sth；dare sb to do sth挑战/激将→v.aux. /dared，daren’t/ ②敢：dare do sth用于否定句/疑问句→I dare say=I daresay +省略that 的宾语从句：我猜想/我以为…→dare做行为动词时，其否定为：don’t/didn’t/doesn’t dare (to) do sth (难点：此时to经常省略)15.have/exercise control over sb/sth：beyond/under/out of + control；in/take/lose control of；in thecontrol of；control oneself；control one’s anger/weight16.disturbing≈annoying/troubling/troublesome/worrying；give/make a promise→carry out / keepone’s promise/word→break one’s promise/word17.recite vt.①背诵/朗诵/吟诵②叙述/描述≈describe ③列举/一一说出≈list18.threat ①n.威胁/恫吓：under threat of punishment ②威胁者/危险的人物：a threat/danger tosb/sth →threaten v.威胁/恐吓/恫吓：threaten sth；threaten to do sth；threaten sb with sth19.terrify sb (to death) →terrified/terrifying/terrible≈scare/frighten/horrify vt.20.guard n.①/c/守卫/警卫/岗哨(人)/防护物②/u/看守/警戒：keep/stand guard；on/off one’s gurad→v.③守望/监视/看守④守护/保护：guard A from/against B≈protect/ensure/defend/shelter A from/against B21.kiss ①vt/vi.：kiss one’s cheek=kiss sb on the cheek；kiss sb goodbye/good night；kiss…away 吻去②n./c/：give sb a kiss；throw/blow a kiss to/at sb飞吻22.affection n./u&c/感情/爱情：have an affection for/toward sb/sth；have/win/gain one’s affection23.①aloud adv.强调大声以能听见；无比较级；前只加少数动词如speak/say/sing/talk等②loudadj./adv.：louder/loudest；in a loud voice③loudly adv.：more/most loudly；可修饰各种动词24.stage ①n.舞台：on (the) stage在舞台上/当演员②n.阶段/时期：at/in…stage ③vt.上演≈perform：stage/perform sth →stage setting舞台布置/stage direction舞台说明25.direct ①adj.直接的/笔直的：direct speech/flight/current/object ②adv.直接地≈directly adv.直接地/立刻马上/conj.一...就…≈immediately/as soon as ③vt.指导/指挥/监督/管理/导演④vt.命令/指示：direct sb to do sth；direct that-clause(虚拟语气) ⑤vt.指引/指点→director n.董事/理事/管理者；导演/指挥(者) →direction n.①方向/方位：in/from…direction ②/u/指导/指挥/监督/管理：under on e’s direction/guidance ③directions指示/吩咐/命令：+ for sth26.orchestra管弦乐队→a symphony orchestra交响乐团；27.conduct ①n./u/品行/操行；指导/引导；管理/经营→vt.②指导/引导；指挥(乐队) ③经营/管理≈direct ④vt.传导(光热电等) →conductor n.①领导者/引导者；管理经营者②乐队指挥③售票员/列车员④导体28.location n.位置/场所≈place/spot/post/position→locate vt.①定位/使位于②找出位置：locate A+介宾→be located +介宾；Located in the middle of the schoolyard, the garden looks beautiful.29.break one’s heart →heartbreaking adj.令人心碎的；compose ①v.作曲/绘画/写作②组成/构成→composer n.作曲家→be compsed/constitued/made up + of≈consist of→component n./c/30.breath n.：out of breath；take a deep breath；hold one’s breath →breathe sth in→breathless adj.31.authentic adj.可信的/可靠的/真实的/确实的≈actual；speak fluent+语言=speak 语言fluently→be fluent in+语言32.condemn vt.①责难/谴责：condemn/blame sb for sth ②判决/判刑：condemn sb for sth；condemnsb to death；condemn sb to do sth (to spend the rest of one’s life in prison)；be condemned/sentenced to death ③使被逼/使注定：be condemned to sth / to do sth33.privilege n./u&c/ 特权/特别待遇；abuse privilege；obtain/have/enjoy (a/the) privilege(s) of doingsth；award/give a privilege to sb34.desire ①vt.希望/渴望/要求：desire sth；desire to do sth；desire sb to do sth；desire that-clause(虚拟语气) →②n./c&u/愿望/欲望；要求/请求：have a desire+for sth / to do sth / that-clause(虚拟语气)：express/voice a desire表达；satisfy a/one’s desire35.hire n./v.①雇用≈employ；hire sb for/as；fire/dismiss sb for (doing) sth解雇/开除②租借≈rent36.perform ①vt/vi.上演/扮演/演奏②vt.做/实行/完成/履行≈carry out ③vi.运作/运转≈funtion/work →performance/performer n.37.employ sb as …→employ oneself in…=be employed in..从事/在做/忙于；employee/employer n.→employment n.雇佣/就业；employment agency职介所；out of employment/work失业→unemployment n./u/失业：be thrown into unemployment；There is little unemployment at present.38.person/personal→personally adv.亲自/就个人而言→personality n.人格品格/个性性格/名人→personnel n.①(总称,视为复数)职员/员工：All personnel were present at the meeting. ②人事部门：the personnel department →the human resources department人力资源部39.apply to…for…向…申请…→apply (A) to B应用运用/贴抹/适用→apply oneself to...专心于→appliance n.器具/装置：household appliances家电；electrical appliance电器→applicant n.申请者/应征者→application form申请表→applied maths/chemistry应用数学/化学40.chorus n.①合唱团/队②合唱曲③齐声/异口同声→a chorus of…；in chorus齐声地/合唱地41.tune n.曲调/调子→in tune 音调准确/协调和谐→(反义)out of tune→to the tune (of…)和着…的调子→sing/dance to the music和着音乐唱歌/跳舞42.have a sore throat喉咙发炎疼痛；status n.①地位/身份：official status②状态/情形≈situation→status symbol地位/身份的象征物；motherland/homeland→mother country/tongue43.tremble ①n/vi.震颤/发抖：tremble with anger/fear；tremble at the news；a tremble in one’s voice②vi.焦虑/担心：tremble for…；tremble to do sth →trembling adj.震动的/摇动的44.tutor ①n.家庭教师/导师②v.做家教指导：tutor (sb) in English→tuition n./u/学费/授课45.symphony n./c/①交响曲/乐②交响乐团=symphony orchestra ③交响音乐会→symphonic adj.46.bachelor n.①单身汉：He’s a bachelor.→He is single/married. ②学士：master/doctor47.kindergarten n.幼儿园：in kindergarten；go to kindergarten→primary school→(junior/senior)middle/high school→college/university/academy/institute48.folk ①n./c/ 人们/亲人②adj.民间的/通俗的：folk music/song/dance/singer→ballad n.民谣49.ballet n./u&c/芭蕾舞/芭蕾舞剧/芭蕾舞曲→classical ballet；ballet dancer50.fame n./u/名声/名气/名望≈distinction/reputation/note→be eager for fame；win/earn/achievefame=come to fame成名→famous/famed：be famed/famous for/as/to…51.go/be on或take或have + a transatlantic voyage (to sw)；the Pacific/Atlantic/Indian/Arctic Ocean太平洋/大西洋/印度洋/北冰洋；voyage n./c/(专指越海/越空)旅行→tour/trip/journey/travel52.make friends with sb=develop a friendship with sb→shake hands with sb53.pop chart；jazz/pop/classical/blues/R&B/folk (music)；swing (music)；rock and roll (music)54.evolve vi.演变/发展/进化≈develop/advance→evolution n.演变/进化≠revolution革命→thetheory of revolution/relativity 进化论/相对论55.anchor ①n.锚②vt/vi.(使)停泊：The ship anchored/was anchored in the bay. ③(使)固定/稳定→be anchored in…停泊在/固定于/扎根于…56.play the trumpet；essential adj.①必不可少的/绝对必要的/极为重要的≈necessary/important：be essential to/for…；it’s essential that-clause；it’s essential for sb to do sth ②本质的/实质的→essential difference本质的区别；essential element要素；essential English基础英语57.swing ①n./u&c/摇摆/振动；②摇摆乐=swing music→vt/vi.(swung/swung)③(使)摇摆/摇晃④挥舞/挥动；blues n.布鲁斯音乐(单复数同形)58.decline ①vt/vi.婉拒/谢绝=refuse：decline (sth)；decline to do sth ②vi.倾斜/下沉③vi.衰弱/衰败/减弱；下跌/下降：His health/influence began to decline recently. →④n.衰弱/减退；退步/减少：There has been a gradual decline in this country’s population/economy.→on the decline在衰退中/走下坡路；go into a decline (身体等)开始衰弱/衰竭→(反)prosper vi.繁荣/兴盛59.rhythmn n.韵律/节奏/节拍：rhythmn and blues (R&B) (music) →rhyme n.韵/押韵/韵文60.play the piano/violin/guitar/saxophone/bass→pianist/vionlinist/guitarist/saxophonist/bassist低音乐器演奏者/低音歌手；trend n.倾向/趋势/潮流≈tendency(tend v.)61.mix ①vt/vi.混合/掺混/混淆：mix (A) (up) with B ②vt.使结合/调和③vi.交往/往来：mix withsb→mixed adj.：mixed doubles混合双打→mixture n.①/u/混合/调和②/c/混合物62.discriminate ①vt/vi.区别/辨别/分别：discriminate A from B；discriminate between A and B ②vi.歧视/差别对待/分别对待：discrimiate between A and B；discriminate against…歧视…≈havea prejudice against…≈be prejudiced against…；discriminate in favor of…偏袒…→racial/sexdiscriminaton/prejudice 种族/性别歧视/偏见63.promote vt.①使晋升②促进/增进/助长③促销→promotion/promoter n.64.fortune n.①/u/运气/幸运/命运：by good/bad fortune幸好/不幸；have fortune to do sth；seek /tryone’s fortune找出路/碰运气②n./c/u/财富/巨款：make a fortune →(un)fortunate/ (un)fortunately：be (un)fortunate in (doing) sth；be (un)fortuante to do sth；It’s (un)fortuante that-clause →luck/ (un)lucky/ (un)luckily →misfortune ①恶运/不幸：by misfortune；bear/endure misfortune忍受不幸；suffer misfortune遭受不幸；have the misfortune to do sth ②/c/不幸的事/灾难：Misfortunes never come singly. 祸不单行65.pray ①vt/vi.祈祷/祷告：pray sth；pray to do sth；pray to God for sth ②vt.恳求/请求≈ask/beg：pray sb to do sth →prayer n.①祈祷/祷文；祈愿/愿望②祈祷者/恳求者66.cut…short ①缩短/截短②提前结束/停止/中断③打断/制止；cut…up ①切碎/剁碎②使人身心受伤；cut…away ①切下/砍掉②逃走；cut…back=cut back on…缩减(生产)/削减(开支)；cut down ①vt.砍到/砍伐②vt/vi.减少(量)/缩减：cut…down=cut down on…③vt.使减价/使降价；cut in (on sb/sth) vi.插嘴/插入/插队；cut…off ①切断/砍掉：cut A off (from) B ②切断/停止(水/电/汽/热等的)供应③切断电话/通话④使孤立/与外界隔绝；cut…out ①切下/剪下：cut A out from B ②删除≈leave out ③停止67.draft ①n.底稿/草稿/汇票②n.征兵/征集→③vt.草拟/起草④vt.选拔/征召→be drafted into…68.regain one’s charm→charm n.≈appeal→appeal ①vi.要求/恳求：appeal to sb for sth；appeal tosb to do sth ②vi.有吸引力/感染力：appeal to sb ③(法律)上诉：appeal to A (against B) ④诉诸(武力/舆论/裁判/法律等)：appeal to A →n.④恳求/请求：+ to sb for sth ⑤吸引力/魅力⑥呼吁/诉求⑦上诉/抗议→appealing≈charming/attractive/inviting adj.有魅力的/有吸引力的69.break(…)up ①vt/vi.击碎/粉碎；拆散/分开②vt/vi.(使)(关系/谈判等)破裂/分手；结束/中止③vt/vi.驱散/解散④vt/vi.(使)精神上颓丧/垮下去→break down ①vt.捣毁/毁坏②vt/vi.镇压/溃败；打垮/垮掉③vi.(机械等)出故障/坏掉④vi.(身体/精神)出毛病/垮掉⑤vt/vi.溶解/分解70.phenomenon n./c/①现象：a natural/social phenomenon ②神奇的人/事≈wonder：He was calleda phenomenon as a child. 神童→phenomena (pl.)复数71.physical→emotional→mental adj.精神的/心理的；智力的/智能的→mental disorder精神错乱；mental disease/illness精神病；mental hospitalpatient精神病院/患者；mental test智力测验72.haircut n./c/①理发：have/get a haircut去理发②发型/发式；catalogue n.目录/唱片目录/产品目录≠category n.种类/范畴73.copy①n.誊本/册：a copy of…②vt.复写/复制→copyright n.版权/著作权：the copyright(s) to sth。