形容词和副词一. 形容词1.修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。
一般“…的”的词都是形容词。
女口：She is a beautiful girl.（漂亮的）2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
女口：I have an interesting book. （interesting 有趣的，修饰book,在句中作定语）We are happy today. （happy快乐的，在句中作表语）Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.（clean 干净的，tidy 整洁的，在句中都作宾语补足语）3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）女口： a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。
the big round red wooden table.又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。
二. 副词：1.通常修饰动词，表示动作的程度、方式等。
还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。
一般“…地”的词都是副词。
女口：You must listen to the teacher carefully.（仔细地，认真地）2.副词的分类1）时间副词:now, today等2）频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, n ever2）地点副词：here, there, upstairs, downstairs 等3）方式副词：carefully, fast, well, politely 等4）程度副词:much, little, quite 等5）疑问副词:how, when, where, why 等三. 形容词转化成副词1.一般在形容词后加ly,女口：quick-quickly2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i,加ly,如：happy-happily3.以ue结尾的形容词，去e加ly,女口：true-truly注：有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性，如：fast, hard, high, late, far等，它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。
另外，有些以ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly, lovely Ionely, lively 等。
四. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成1.比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如tall-taller, well-better2.最高级：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式，如Io ng-lo ngest3.比较级和最高级的变化规则：规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：a.在词尾直接力口-er/est,女口：short-shorter-shortestb.词尾是e,只力口-r/st,女口：nice-nicer-nicestc.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-er/est,女口：happy-happier-happiestd.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,女口：big-bigger-biggeste.其他双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most,女口：more/most delicious不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）1.原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为" ....... 和相同”相当于t h e s a m e a s…肯定句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as BTom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.否定句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as BThis tree is not as/so tall as that one.2.比较级的用法：1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ BSusan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little , far, a lot, a bit来修饰。
2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+thanI ' m two years older than you.Our classroom is twice bigger tha n yours. 3）比较级+and+比较级，表示"越来越..... ”The earth is gett ing warmer and warmer.4) the +比较级，the +比较级，表示"越•,就越The more, the better.越多越好。
(多多益善)3.最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较，最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时, 不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。
1)one of the + 最高级Shan ghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.2)比较级句型表达最高级意义A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数)女口：The Chan gjia ng River is Ion ger tha n any other river in China.A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数)女口：The Chan gjia ng River is Ion ger tha n the other rivers in China.以上两句意思相当于：The Chan gjia ng River is the Ion gest river in China.随堂演练(满分100分)一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分)old _________ ____________ young _________ ______________ t all______ ______________ long __________ ___ short ________ __________ strong _________ ____________ b ig __________ ________ small ________ ___ fat ______ _____________ t hin ______________ ___________ heavy ________ ____________ light _________ —nice ________ ___________ good ____________ ___________ beautiful _________ _______ _________ _____ low __________ __________ high ___________ ___________ slow_________ ____________ fast ________ ___ late _________ __________ early _______________________ f ar __________ ___________ well ___________二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：(23*1分=23分)1.My brother is two years __________ (old)tha n me.2.Tom is as _________ (fat) as Jim.3.Is your sister _________ (young) tha n you? Yes,she is.4.Who is ____________ (thi n),you or Hele n? Hele n is.5.Whose pen cil-box is _________ (big),yours or hers? Hers is.6.Mary ' s hair is as __________ (long) as Lucy ' s.7.Be n _____ (jump) _________ (high) tha n some of the boys in his class.8._______ Nancy si ng ____________ (well) tha n Hele n? Yes, she ___ .9.Fa ngfang is not as ______ (tall) as the other girls.10.My eyes are ___________ (big) tha n________ (she)..11. ___________________ W hich is (heavy),the elephant or the pig?12. ____________________ Who gets up (early),Tim or Tom?13. ____ the girls get up ____ (early) than the boys?No,they ______ .14.Jim runs ____ (slow). But Ben runs ____ (slow).15.The child doesn ' t ________________________ (write) as __ (fast) as thestudents.三、小小翻译家： ( 62*0.5 分=31 分)1、谁比Jim 年纪大？是你。
_______________ is _________ than Jim ？_________ are.2、谁比David 更强壮？是Gao Shan. ________________ ___________ than David? Gao Shan ____________ .3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
__________ pencil is ________ , ______ or ________ ？is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？__ 我的弟弟的。
apples ,your or your ? My . 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。
as as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim 一样年轻。