不规则变化
1.bacterium-bacteria; medium-media; criterion-criteria phenomenon-phenomena
2. businessman-businessmen policeman-policemen postman-postmen salesman-salesmen spokesman-spokesmen statesman-statesmen
happy-happier-the happiest far-farther/further-the farthest/furthest expensive-more expensive-the most expensive well -better-best slow-slower -the slowest easy-easier--the easiest wide-wider-the widest carefully -more carefully-most carefully early--earlier-earliest thin --thinner-the thinnest much --more-the most clever -cleverer-the cleverest
4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最
后一个辅音字母再加er或est:
如: big --- bigger --- the biggest
5.多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略
the. 如: important --- more important

--- the most important
注意以ly结尾的形容词
friendly
deadly
lovely
manly \ womanly
lively
far --- farther / further --- the farthest / the furthest 远
请写出下列形容词的副词形式 exact complete personal probable easy frequent full automatic
形容词变副词
1.直接+ly quiet—quietly different—differently confident—confidently beautiful—beautifully careful—carefully recent—recently
形容词,副词的比较级和最高级
写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
bad clean famous dirty big ill heavy little happy far expensive well slow easy wide carefully early thin much clever
violating winding
swallowing scanning
referring quarrel(l)ing
breathing beginning
writing
forgiving
tying
trying
1.一般在动词末尾直接加ing 2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e, 再
写该辅音字母，再加“ed” stop---stopped
动 词 的 -ing 形 式
写出下列单词的-ing形式 violate wind swallow scan refer quarrel breathe begin write forgive tie try
写出下列单词的-ing形式
1.单音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级， 加-est构
成最高级 如：hard-harder-the hardest
2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词直接加-er或-est，
如：late-later-the latest
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est:
如: easy --- easier --- the easiest
规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式的构 成规则相同。
1 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed” work---worked visit---visited 2 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d” live---lived 3 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变
为 “i” ，再加“ed” study---studied---studied 4 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双
写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
bad/ilห้องสมุดไป่ตู้-worse-the worst clean-cleaner-the cleanest
famous- more famous - the most famous
dirty-dirtier-the dirtiest big-bigger-the biggest heavy-heavier-the heaviest little-less- the least
其它以e结尾的形容词直接+ly wise— wisely nice— nicely polite— politely fortunate— fortunately close— closely immediate—immediately wide—widely
注意以下形容词变副词的拼写 true— truly whole— wholly full— fully dull— dully
3. goose-geese; tooth-teeth; foot-feet
4. mouse-mice; ox-oxen; child-children deer-deer; fish-fish;sheep-sheep
5. means-means; analysis-analyses stamach-stamachs
bad / badly / ill --- worse --- the worst 坏
many / much --- more --- the most 多 little --- less --- the least 少
old --- older / elder --- the oldest / the eldest 老, 旧
leaf-leaves; knife-knives life-lives; shelf-shelves thief-thieves; wolf-wolves
动词的单三变
写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式
1. swim 2. draw 3. make 4. run 5. carry 6.leave 7. arrive 8. watch 9.clean 10. stay
3. 以 辅音+y结尾的，变y 为i+ly happy— happily easy— easily angry— angrily merry— merrily heavy— heavily noisy— noisily healthy—healthily lucky— luckily
4. 以ic结尾的+ally energetic— energetically automatic— automatically scientific— scientifically economic—economically basic— basically public— publicly （例外）
写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式
1. swims 2. draws 3. makes 4. runs 5. carries 6.leaves 7. arrives 8. watches 9.cleans 10. stays
动词的第三人称单数规则 当主语是第三人称 （she、he、it）或名词时，谓语动词要用单数 形式。一般情况下动词的第三人称单数形式都 是直接加s
的词后加-s piano--pianos, zoo--zoos
4.以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i加es;以元音 加y结尾的词直接加s
factory-factories;boy-boys 5. 以-f或-fe结尾的词，把-f,-fe改为V,再加
-es wolf-wolves, leaf-leaves 有的以-f,-fe结尾的词，可以直接加-s belief-beliefs, roof--roofs
变形规则
可数名词的复数形式
可数名词才有复数形式 不可数名词主要是抽象名词和物
质名词，做主语时谓语用单数 集体名词没复数形式但做主语时
谓语通常用复数
statesman, mouse, mosquito , monkey, passer-by, watch, button, brochure,university
加ing 如： have --- having 3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一
个d短元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母, 应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 如：running beginning
jogging sitting getting 4.以ie结尾的动词，把ie变成y再加ing ， 如： lie --- lying die --- dying
2. 以-le 结尾的形容词去e + ly
terrible — terribly
possible— possibly
comfortable— comfortably
gentle—
gently
simple—
simply
reasonable— reasonably
probable— probably
incredible— incredibly
6.以-ly结尾的副词，除early外，其他均 使用more/most构成比较级和最高级