2020考前冲刺英语Ⅲ专题05 动词及动词短语【高考预测】1.考查特定语境中常用动词的基本用法和意义；2.常见近又词的辨异，拼写相似动词的辨异及习惯搭配等。
3.动词及动词短语，不能仅限于《英语教学大纲》，而应着重注意《英语教学大纲》外出现的频率较高的词汇和《英语课程标准》内的动词及短语。
【易错点点睛】易错点点睛 1 考查特定语境中常用动词的基本用法和意义；常见近义词的辩异，拼写相似动词的辩异及习惯搭配等。
1.(2020精选模拟)We went to canda to travel and my cousin as our guide.A.playedB.showedC.actedD.performed【错误解答】 A【正确解答】 C3.(2020精选模拟)Every body in the village like Jack because he is good at telling and jokes.A.turnin upB.putting upC.making upD.s howing up【错误解答】 D或A【错解分析】根据句意“因为他善长于编故事和讲故事。
村子里的人都喜欢Jack，”短语make up有“组成、构成”的意思。
turn up“露面来到”；put up，建造，展示某物；show up，到来，出现【正确解答】 C4.(2020精选模拟)We thought of selling this old furniture ,but we’ved ecided to it.It might be valuable.A.hold on toB.keep up withC.turn toD.look after【错误解答】 D【错解分析】解答本题的关键首先要熟悉给予的动词词组各自的含义及用法。
平时在复习、学习中要对动词及动词短语多积累。
学生可能知道“hold on”的含义“候着，别挂(电话)”，但不知“hold on to”，其含义为“坚持，继续；不放弃，不卖掉”。
根据题意“我们本想把这件旧家具卖掉，但是我们决定还是不卖掉它。
它可能有价值。
”而B项keep up with“跟上”；C项turn to意为“转向；而……求助”；D项look after“照顾”，故答案为A.【正确解答】 A5. The idea puzzled me sO much that stopped for a few seconds to try to—.A.make it outB.make it offC.make is upD.make it over【错误解答】 D【错解分析】考生出错的原因主要是因为一方面对句意把握不准，另一方面对题干中项put off,意为“推迟”【正确解答】C7.To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it __ into parts.A. downB. upC. offD. out【错误解答】 B【错解分析】考生对 break down 与 break up 含义区别不明白“break down” 分解 vt eg. Sugar and starch (淀粉) are broken down in the sto mach. “break up” 分开vi eg. sentences break up into clauses. “break off”与“break out”后不跟into,故选 A.【正确解答】 A【特别提醒】1.动词及动词短语几乎年年必考，所涉及到的动词知识都是常用，的常见的。
2.平时要进行大量的阅读，在阅读中去理解动语短语get,come,look put,turn,take,send set,carry,call,have,care,pay,hold,keep,think,hear,make,give,hend,deal,ask等。
3.多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。
以下为常见短语动词 :一、动词 + 介词/副词短语例句Act on照……行事He acts on principles.answer for对……负责You will answer for what you’vedone.Arm...against带武器以防He armed himself against wildanimals.agree with同意(某人) I agree with her.agree to同意(建议等) They agreed to the proposal.They agreed on the question.apree on(in)同意商定(问题，条件等)arrive at／in到达(某地) He arrived in Nanjing at fiveo’clock yesterday mornring.Atm at 瞄准He aimed the gun at the bird.Ask after 问候My fater asked after you.Ask for 请求The boy asked for more food.borrow．．．from从……借来He borrowed a like from Mary.believe in 信任We all believe in her.belong to 属于The house belongs to me.burst into突然……起来She burst into tears at the news.begin at从(页)开始Today we shall begin at page 40.Babe...on 根据he based the conclusion onexperiments.beat about the bush绕弯子Tell me the truth. Don’t beat aboutthe bush.Consist of由……组成The society consists of fivemembers.find out查明He has not found out the trouble yet.give up 放弃Never give up hope.give over克服，渡过You’ll soon get over your shyness.Get on(／off) 上车(／下车) She got on the bus at Gulou Square.Get on进展He is getting on well in the work.Get ready for准备好He has got ready for the journey.Get in 收进The peasants got in the wheat inMay.grow up 长大，发展The children have already grown up.give in 投降(让步) They gave in at last.Get up 起床She gets up early every morning.Go on 继续The meeting went on deep into thenight.go all out 竭尽全力They went all out to build theairport.So through通过；细察She went through the book beforebuying it.go over复习，看一遍She went over the lessons for threetimes.go down(日，月)落下，下沉The moon has gone down.go without 放弃，没有也行He had to go without food.Hand in交进来They handed in their papeps.Have nothing to do with 与……无关He has nothing to do with the matter.Have some thing to do with 与……无关Does she have anything to do with the case?Head for 朝……去The ship is heading for the nearestport.Help with 帮助He helped her with her English. Help...in在……帮助He helped her in study in English. Hope for 希望(得到) She hoped for Mary to come. introduce．．．to．．．介绍She introduced me to her father. inspire．．．with．．．以……激发He inspired them with courage.rain.Point out 指出The teacher pointed out hismistakes.preside over 主持(会议) Who is to preside over the meeting? present...with 赠送He presented her with a gold watch. Put．．．across 使理解(相信) She didn’t put the meaning acrossvery well.Prevent．．．from 阻止The snow prevented him fromcoming.persist in 坚持He persisted in doing that. Put...into practice实施We shall put the plan into practice. quarrel over 为……争吵They quarrelled over theproperty.quarrel with 同……争吵She quanelled with her mother. Reply to 答复He hasn’t replied to me yet. recover from 恢复She has recovered from her illness. Rely on 依靠He relied on his daughter in thepast.refrain from 设法不，忍住Please refrain from smoking. Rob...of...抢走The pain robbed him of sleep.Run over 辗过去The bus run over his legs.result from 由……引起His illness results fromovereating.result in 导致Overeating results in his illness. Remember sb.to代问好Please remember me to your mother. Set about 着手干They set about the work at once. Set out 出发They set out at dawn.succeed in 成功He succeeded in passing the exam. Speak off 说到She once spoke of the book to me. Supply...with提供They supplied the soldiers withweapons.share in分担(享) He shared in her joys and sorrows. share sth with sb 与某人共同使She shared a room with others.wait for 等待We shall wait for you at the schoolgate.watch out for提防We should watch out for the enemy. write to给……写信He wrote to me last week.wake up 醒来She usually wakes up at five. wipe out 消灭The enemy troops have beenwiped out.watch over 照看The old should watch over the young.短语例句be absorbed in全神贯注于he is absorbed in reading.be brudened with负重he is burdened with a heavy load.be connected with同……有关，同……有联系He is no longer connected with the company.be covered with覆盖The road is covered with snow. be crowded with 挤满She is dressed in red.be dressed in穿着She is dressed in red.be engaged to与……订婚Mary is engaged to John.be equipped with 装备He is experienced in mendingbikes.be experienced in对……有经验He is experienced in mendingbikes.be filled with 填满The hole is filled with ants.be furnished with 提供，布置They are furnished with enoughfood.be interested in对……有兴趣He is interested in t he picture. be joined to连接，结合One pipe is joined to another. be known as因……而知名He is known as a painter..be known for因……而出名The hill is known for the temple be looked on as作为…看待He is looked on as their leader. be made into被制成，使成为The boy was made into an artist. be made up of由……构成 A car is made up of many differentparts.be married to与……结婚She is married to a musician.be pleased with对……喜欢，满意He is pleased with the work.be prepared for准备好They are prepared for the journey.be regarded as被认为He is regarded as the greatestpoet.be satisfied with对……满意I am satisfied with your answer.be ashamed of对……感到羞愧She is ashamed of her action.be tired of(sth)对……厌烦He is tired of this kind of life.be terrified at被……吓一跳He is rerrified at the snake. 三、动词 + 名词 +介词短语例句apply one’s mind to专心于He applied his mind to study.catch sight of瞧见，看见I caught sig ht of her justnow.catch(take)hold of抓住He caught hold of the girl by thehand.devote oneself to献身于，专心于She devotes herself toeaching.devote one’s life to为……献身He devotes his life to theresearch.do(great)harm to对……危害(大) The rain has done great harmto the crops.do(great)wrong to冤枉，委屈Don’t do wrong to an innocentperson.feel pity for对……感到怜悯He felt pity for the poor girl.Fix one’s eyes on 凝视He fixed his eyes on the girl.form the habit of 养成……的习惯He has formed the habit of gettingup early.Get a good hold of 抓牢He got a good hold of the rope.Get in touch with 同……取得联系I got in touch with her by phone.Get ird of 除去，摆脱She has got rid of the had abit.give dvice on提出……建议He gave advice on cityplanning.have none of不允许，不接受He will have none of your emptypromise.have trust in 相信She had trust in him.have (no) difficulty in (没)有困难He has difficultjy in doing the work .have a word with同……谈话I want to have a word with y ou. have trouble in 在……有麻烦She had trouble in the matter. have a look at 看一下Let me have a good at it.have words with 同……口角(争吵) He had words with his wife.have (show) interest in 对……有兴趣He has great intertst in this kind of film.have(deep)effect on 对……有(深远)影响The book has great effect on his life.have mercy on 同情，怜悯He has no mercy on the poor old man. have(take)pity on 同情He has great pity on the sick boy. have the honour of有幸……he has the honour of meeting herthere.help oneself to请吃；自用Please help yourself to somefruit.keep a record of记录She kept a record of her dailylife.make friends with 同……交朋友He made fridnds with a foreigngirl.make fun of取笑Don’t make fun of him.make(the)best use of 充分利用They make the best use of themoney.make(good，full)use of (很好，充分)利用You shold make good use of your time.make an apology to向……道歉He made an apology to her.make one’s way to走向He made his way to the house. make preparations for 准备She is making preparations for theholiday.make a dive for 猛冲The dog make a dive for the bone.make a mistake about为……产生误会Don’t made a mistake about her.make a study of 研究，学习I shall make a study of the plan.Pay attention to 注意He paid much attention to her life.pass a judgement on判决……The court passed a judgement on thecase.Put one’s heart and soul into全神贯注于She put her heart and sould into the work.Set fire to放火、点火They set fire to the home.Show respect for 尊敬They show respect for the old.show mercy ot 同情Never show mercy to the enemy.Say good-bey to 向……道别They said good-bey to each other.Say hello to 打招呼He said hello to the students.Set an example to树立榜样He set an example to the young.shake hands with握手They shook hands with each other.take aim at 瞄准He took careful aim at the other.take the side of 支持，站在一边They took the side on thegovernment.throw light on 阐明，使人明白His explanation threw light on thepoem.take pride in 因……而自豪She took pride in her success.take part in 参加They took an active part in sports.take delight in 以……为乐He tood great delight in travel.take a message for捎个口信Please take a message for her.短语例句Add up to 总计为The income adds up to 1000 dollars.break away from 改掉，与……脱离关系he has broken away from the bad habit.be up to应由……，轮到……It is up to her to answer the question.Cut down on 削减He has cut down on expese.catch up with 赶上I can catchup with them.Put up with 忍受，容忍I just can’t put up with that kind ofman.Run up against 遇到We often run up against new words.Ran out of 用完I have run out of ink.think higlly of 高度评价They think highly of his new novel.watch out for 当心，提防Watch out for thieves in the street.work hard at 努力于He works hard at his lessons.短语例句arrive at a conclnsion得出结论They arrived at a conclusion at last.burst into pieces 成为碎片The glass has burst intopieces.burst into tears 突然大哭She burst into tears at the news.burst into laughter突然大笑The girls burst into laughter.Some boys came to her help.come to sb’s help (aid)前来援助某人come to the rescue前来营救The firemen came to the rescue.come into use开始使用，实施The new tool come into use two yearsago.come into power当权，执政The king came into power last year.come into effect开始生效The new rule will come into effectsoon.come into being产生，建立The custom came into being long longago.come into light发亮The star came into light at dawn.come to conclusion得出结论They will come to a conclusion.do up one’s hair梳理头发She is doing up her hair.Fly into a temper耍脾气He flew into a tempr at her words.Get into trouble陷入麻烦He has got into trouble in business.Get in a word插话Don’t get in a word.help sb. to one’s feet帮助某They helped h er to her feet.人站起来make up one’s mind下决心He has made up his mind to do it.play away one’s time虚度光阴The man played away his time.plunge into sorrow使陷入悲伤He was plunged into deelp sorrow.Put sth. to use使用，利用You should put the dictionary to agood use.Set to work开始工作They set to work after a rest.take on a new look呈现新面貌The town has taken on a new look.1 The listening test is __ to show your ability at listening for specific information.A. operatedB. referredC. intendedD. requested.答案: C解析:intend sb/sth to do“打算让……做……”.2 Nobody can __ how he managed to work it out.A. imagineB. expectC. thinkD. speak答案: A6 —The car, travelling at to miles an hour, just __the man and ran into an office window.—What a narrow escape!A. killedB. failedC. missedD. injured答案: C解析:从后文a narrow escape(九死一生)判断只能用miss，表示“错过”。