• …I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today…
1966
• Edward Brooke, elected first black U.S. senator in 85 years.
1968
• On April 4, 1968 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated by a sniper as he stood on the balcony of his hotel room in Memphis, TN. He was there to support the African American sanitation workers. He was planning a national poor people’s campaign to promote economic gains for African Americans and poor people.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr eventually became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
1964
• Congress passed Civil Rights Act declaring discrimination based on race illegal after 75day long argument.
• Although the roots of the movement go back to the 19th century, it peaked in the 1950s and 1960s. African American men and women, along with whites, organized and led the movement at national and local levels. They pursued their goals through legal means, negotiations, petitions, and nonviolent protest demonstrations.
• The march began at the Washington Monument and ended at the Lincoln Memorial with a program of music and speakers.
1964 • Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered "I Have a Dream" speech to hundreds of thousands at the March on Washington.
1961
• In the spring of 1961, civil rights activists volunteered as “Freedom Riders” to ride buses into segregated terminals throughout the South. In May busloads of Freedom Riders were attacked by mobs in the Alabama cities of Anniston and Birmingham.
• Meaningful civil rights laws
• A massive federal works program
• Full and fair employment
• Decent housing
• The right to vote
• Adequate integrated education
"Black elementary school" "White elementary school"
3. Major events
1954
• Brown Decision--Separation Is Inherently Illegal The 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ushered in a new era in the struggle for civil rights. This landmark decision outlawed racial segregation in public schools.
1963
• The March on Washington was organized by a group of civil rights, labor, and religious organizations under the theme "jobs, and freedom." Estimates of the number of participants varied from 200,000 (police) to over 300,000 (leaders of the march). About 80% of the marchers were African Americans and the rest were white and other ethnic groups.
2. Historical background
• Early in its history, black Africans were brought to America as slaves. They were bought and sold, like animals.
• Nearly 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in Southern states still inhabited a starkly unequal world of disenfranchisement, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. "Jim Crow" laws (美国针对黑人实施的 种族隔离法案) at the local and state levels barred them from classrooms and bathrooms, from theaters and train cars, from juries and legislatures.
• lasted for more than a year
1960
Sit-ins In February 1960, four African American students sat down at a segregated lunch counter in a local store in Greensboro, North Carolina. They refused to leave until they were served.
• The civil rights movement was a mass popular movement to secure for African Americans equal access to and opportunities for the basic privileges and rights of U.S. citizenship. • The civil rights movement was the largest social movement of the 20th century in the United States. It influenced the modern women's rights movement and the student movement of the 1960s.
African-American Civil Rights Movement
Outline
1. Brief introduction
2. Background information
3. Major events
4. Influence
What is civil rights movement
How can we call those black people
Negro
Spanish word "black"”
Negro / Nigger
Darkie
Black African American
Afisrespectful
Darlie
In 1985, an American company bought this toothpaste company and changed its name.
Later Development
• 1973 -- Maynard Jackson ,first black elected mayor of a major Southern U.S. city.
• 1975 -- Voting Rights Act extended.
• 1988 -- Congress passes Civil Rights Restoration Act over President Reagan's veto. • 1989 -- L. Douglas Wilder (Virginia) becomes first black elected governor.