分词作状语用法小结在高中英语语法中，非谓语动词的学习是一个重点，同是也是一个难点。
而其中的分词的用法更是重中之重了，掌握了分词的运用对于我们突破阅读理解中的长句子，以及写作水平的提高都会很有帮助，下面就分词作状语的用法作以下总结。
分词在语法功能上相当于形容词和副词，分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。
表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when引出。
（一般情况下过去分词不作结果状语）我们先来了解一个它的各种形式变化：1. 现在分词的一般式：现在分词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或两者之间时间间隔并不长。
例如：I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech on greenhouse.Hearing the good news, the students were wild with joy.He sends me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.从所给的例句是我们可以看出，现在分词的一般主动式所表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是我们常说的主动关系，而其一般被动式却表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也就是我们常说的被动关系。
并且现在分词的一般被动式一般作原因状语位于句首，请看以下例句：Being a student, he was interested in books.Being very small, computers are widely used.Being tired, I can’t go on walking.2. 现在分词的完成式：表示分词的动作在句中谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前就已发生。
例如：Having done the work, he went home.Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetablesHaving been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.Having been deserted by his guide, he could not find his way through the jungle.从以上例句中我们可以看出，现在分词的完成主动式表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。
而其完成被动式却表示分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也是先于谓语动词发生。
3．过去分词：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不强调一定要先于谓语动词之前就已发生。
例如：Heated, this kind of wood gives off much smoke.The teacher entered the lab, followed by the students.Given a chance, I can surprise the world.Founded in 1936, Harward is one of the most famous universities in the United States.值得注意的是有些过去分词因为源于系表结构，作状语时表主动而不是被动，常见的过去分词和短语有：lost(迷路), seated（坐）, hidden(躲), stationed （驻扎）,born（出身于）, dressed in（穿着）, tired of（厌烦）, lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）caught in/on(遇到一种不幸情况）。
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.Lost/absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet all over.由综上所述我们可以得出分词作状语的其本原则：1．分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
2．分词作状语必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
3．分词作状语时，不能出现一些并列连词（如and, but, so ,then, however, or, otherwise, for等）请看下面两个题目：⑴________many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Though he had been toldC. He had been toldD. Having told⑵________ her mother had come, her face lit up.A. HearingB. Having heardC. when hearingD. when she heard在第一道题中由于句是有并列连词but 故不用分词作状语，选择C 项从第二道题中我们可以看到，句子的主语是her face, 然而分词的逻辑主语却应该是she，没有保持一致，不能用分词作状语，故选择D项。
如果我们用以上所给的三原则判断出所给题目是考分词作状语的，我们可以能过以下的两种方法来解题。
1．先分析题型，我们所看到的大部分题目是给出了句子，要求我们选择合适的分词，对于这种题可以这样来做①找出句子的主语。
②分析句子主语与所考分词之间的关系，若是主谓的，就把答案缩小到doing, having done之间。
若是动宾的，就在being done,having been done, done 之间。
③分析分词与谓语动词之间的关系，是同时的，还是强调先于谓语动词之前完成的，根据我们上面所提供的定义进行判断，这样答案就出来了。
请看以下两个题目：⑴________the airport, they waved again and again to me.A. When leavingB. When leaveC. When to leaveD. When left⑵________, the old man is living a happy life.A. Taking good careB. Taken good careC. Having taken good careD. Taken good care of在第一个题中，主语是they,与leave之间构成主谓关系，故选择A项，在第二个题中，主语是the old man,与taken good care 之间构成动宾关系，而且of不能省，故选择D项。
2．有些题是给出了分词作状语，要求我们选出合适的句子。
对于这种题目，我们可以由分词的形式来推测出句子的主语。
再来找出合适的选项请看以下两题：⑴Walking down the street the other day,____________.A. I saw unusual something happened.B. A terrible accident happened.C. Something unusual was seen by me.D. I saw a terrible accident.⑵Standing on the top of the building,______________.A. the whole city can be seen.B. the whole city looks very beautiful.C. we can see the whole city.D. it looks like a lake.在第一题中由分词walking形式我们可以猜测出其主句应该是人，所以只考虑A和D两项，但是A存在语病，故选D项。
在第二题和第一题思路是一样的，故选择C项。
用以上所说的两种方法可以解出大部分的题目，同是我们也应注意到分词作状语的一些特殊用法。
也就是有些分词的形式相对比较固定，做题时不必考虑它们的逻辑主语。
我们把它分成如下几类。
1．用作连词①Considering（考虑到）he has only been learning English fora year, he speaks it very well.②Granted（算是如此，就算）that he has enough money to buythe house, it doesn’t mean he is going to do so.③Provided/Providing （假如）that you go there, we will go too.④Seeing(鉴于，既然) （that）she is old enough to get married,I don’t think you can stop her.2．用作介词①Each man will be paid according to（根据）his ability.②Concerning （关于）your letter, I am pleased to inform you thatyour plans are acceptable to us.③He did poorly in his examinations, considering how hard hehad studied for them.④There are 6 people in my family, counting/including（计算在内，包括）my mother and father.⑤Given(考虑到) their inexperience, they have done a good job.3. 用作插入语（或评说性状语）①Generally speaking men run faster than women.(类似的还有：strickly/frankly/absolutedly/exactly speaking)②Judging from/by what you say, he ought to succeed.③Talking of/about Lucy, did you know she is going toAustralia?④Taking everything into consideration, they ought to givenanther chance.⑤To tell you the truth, he is not a man to be depended upon.⑥Compared with others, she is much smarter.⑦Believe it or not, the boy has traveled over ten countries bybike.另外还有一些用法似乎是没有规律可找，例如(take sth for granted, for the time being)等结构，这还要我们平时多加以积累。