⏹do, did, does 强调动作的用词, I do care, he did come. Here: did foresee的确预见到⏹medium, media⏹become a force in making it so 成为实现这个预想的重要人物⏹socially prominent passengers 有社会地位的乘客⏹amateur 业余的，非专业的⏹to make contact with …与…联系⏹gain fame 出了名⏹subsidiary 子公司⏹experimental stage 实验阶段p217⏹returns 报告书，情况反馈⏹be mounted in …安装入…⏹aside from ….= in addition to …⏹the profit derived from … 来自于…的利润⏹receive national and universal attention 获得国内国际关注⏹General Electric 通用电气公司⏹patents专利⏹join forces with … 与…联手⏹pool vt. 合伙，汇集，共享⏹take over 接管⏹wireless station 无线电广播电台⏹went on the air 开始广播播音⏹fully licensed commercial broadcasting station 营业执照齐全的商业广播电台⏹ a toll station 一家收费电台p218⏹air time 广播时段⏹chain broadcasting 联播⏹forerunner 先驱，排头兵⏹bail out 原意“跳伞”，here: bail out of …从…中脱身⏹lease sth to sb 向…出租….⏹subsidiary 子公司，下属单位⏹This launched an era of …：(这件事)引发了一个….时代/时期⏹boost the sale of …：促进、拉动….的销售⏹exclusively 独家地⏹eg. We run a cable service exclusively in this area.⏹regulations 规章、制度、条例⏹keep/prevent sb fm doing sth: 避免某人做某事⏹turn to sb for help 寻求某人的帮助⏹the Radio Act was passed 广播法得以通过⏹debut 初次登台，处女秀⏹newscasts 新闻广播⏹become firmly entrenched 站稳了脚跟⏹the popular culture 流行文化，大众文化⏹popularity n. 流行，走俏⏹coupled with the decline in newspaper advertising revenue ….伴随着报纸广告效益的下滑⏹the Great Depression 大萧条⏹not only …., but (also)….不仅…而且…⏹ a credible news source 一个可信度高的新闻来源⏹…..as well: （句尾）同样也…⏹without being on the scene 不必在场⏹be far superior to …. 比….要强得多⏹instant news 即时的消息⏹convention 集会⏹the Associate Press 美联社⏹have had enough 受够了⏹issue an ultimatum to …向…发出最后通牒⏹provide sth to sb…: 向…提供…（p219）⏹comply with 遵从…⏹to gather news on one’s own 靠自己采集新闻⏹bargain vt. 讨价还价，期望⏹take the lead in doing sth 在…方面带头⏹first-rate = first class a. 一流的⏹news-gathering service⏹under the direction of …: 在…的领导下⏹open bureaus in …在…建立分支机构⏹the wire-service ban 新闻社禁令⏹assisted radio in becoming … 帮助广播使之成为…⏹in states of panic over ….处于对…的恐慌之中⏹the average people…average Joe 普通百姓⏹reassuring a. 起镇定作用的，坚强的⏹keep ….informed about ….：让….了解到….⏹report/describe/broadcast … live: 现场报道，直播p220⏹multiple pickup news broadcast 异地同步新闻播报⏹the scope and diversity of radio 广播的报道范围和丰富程度⏹vicariously身临其境地⏹eyewitness accounts 目击记，现场采集的报道⏹impact on … 对…的冲击/影响⏹coverage n. 报道⏹set the stage for … 为…作了铺垫/预备⏹radio bulletins 广播公告⏹inspire a spirit of patriotism and dedication 点燃了爱国主义热情及奉献之情⏹censorship of news 对新闻的审查p221⏹self-imposed as well as governmental 既有自我施加的，也有政府要求的⏹… be downplayed …(实情)没有得到充分的反映;被低调处理了⏹vaudeville…1880年代至1950年代流行于美国的一种剧院歌舞杂耍综艺表演⏹variety shows 综艺节目⏹comedy series 系列喜剧⏹dominate the airwaves成为电波媒介主打节目⏹…consist of …: …由…构成⏹burlesque comedy 小品类的喜剧⏹situation comedy (sitcom)…情景喜剧⏹evolve into …演化成…⏹an episode 一集（剧目）⏹perpetuate the negative stereotype of African-Americans 固化了非洲裔美国人的负面形象⏹stereotype 刻板印象⏹provide someone with something p223⏹tailored for prime-time 专为黄金时段定制的⏹portable a.便携的p225⏹affect the culture 影响到(当时的)文化⏹helped establish radio’s credibility为广播成为可信的新闻来源/声誉鹊起助了一臂之力⏹to adapt …to… 使…适应…⏹commercial n.（电波）广告p226⏹tune in to …收听…⏹warn sb of …⏹banned fictional news bulletins from the airwaves. 禁止在广播里播出虚构新闻⏹lose niche 失去地盘⏹prosper vi. 繁荣⏹the cloud of TV began to cast its shadow over radio⏹apply for TV licenses 申请电视营业执照⏹advertising revenue 广告收入⏹succeed in …⏹ratings 收视率earnings 收益p227⏹quiz shows, soap operas, sitcoms, dramas and action/adventure shows 227⏹network affiliate stations 大广播网旗下的电视台⏹feature … vt. 以…为特色⏹disc jockey (DJ)⏹controversy 争议⏹payola sandal 贿赂丑闻⏹coin the term 发明了这个术语⏹be charged with…被指控…⏹all news stations 全新闻台⏹to advance political agendas 来推出政治议题⏹to voice one’s protests on… 就…表达抗议呼声⏹instrumental = helpful⏹launch a campaign 发起一场运动⏹play a major role in … p228⏹call-in shows 热线谈话节目⏹potpourri 百花香料，集锦⏹be categorized under 29 formats⏹contemporary hit stations 当代著名电台⏹to feature talk shows and radio personalities 以脱口秀及个性化广播节目为特色⏹to find its new niche in popular culture⏹FM 调频，AM 调幅229⏹distortion 变形、歪曲⏹to broadcast in stereo 立体声广播⏹ A became an alternative to B: A成为取代B的一个选择⏹FCC ruling 美联邦传播委员会的政令/条例⏹be on the air⏹have yet to catch on 还得加把劲p230⏹commercial vs. noncommercial⏹to generate advertising revenue⏹elite and specialized vs. mass cultural tastes 精英的、专业化的品味，对应于大众文化趣味⏹private foundations⏹the sources of … funding：…的资金来源231⏹station membership fees 电台会员年费⏹in-depth news programs 深度报道节目⏹be highly regarded 口碑很好⏹satellite distribution facilities 卫星传送设备⏹accomplish: here=achieve 取得⏹be drastically changed 发生了巨变⏹to cater to distinct segments of the audience 迎合、取悦于划分清晰的受众群⏹Chapter Two Television:from soaps to satellites⏹be in sharp contrast to the stereotype 与刻板印象形成鲜明对照(p237)⏹nuclear family 传统的、几代同堂的家庭⏹skyrocket to the top of the ratings 直窜收视率榜首⏹stimulate sales in the consumer culture⏹pit A against B 使A与B相对抗⏹undermine …values 损害…价值观⏹hype the fact that… 就…进行宣传造势⏹offbeat antics 不落俗套的搞笑⏹to benefit from the clash 从冲突中得益⏹ticket：here=candidate（p240）⏹ a popularity with audience⏹controversial influence on …⏹to magnify the forces of change 张显变动之推力⏹credit TV with …：以…来赞扬电视P240⏹individuality: 独特之处, here =⏹to apply for a patent on …：申请…专利⏹to experiment with…：从事…实验⏹It wasn’t until (某时间) that….: 直到…才…⏹put…on hold 使…陷于停顿p241⏹generate vt. 生成，产生⏹microwave relay system 微波传送系统⏹consist of …… 由…组成p242⏹advertising agencies 广告公司⏹sponsors 赞助商⏹to issue disclosures 公布内情⏹to ensure compliance with …以确保与…相一致p243⏹ethical standards 道德标准⏹dramatic series 连续剧⏹genre 风格，格调⏹bonanza 富矿,财富⏹time slot 播放时间段位⏹(be) subject to …服从于…⏹appeal to … 对…有吸引力⏹ A prevails over B A压倒B p244⏹be referred to as ……被称作…⏹to get people hooked on … 使人们醉心于… = to keep people glued to …p245⏹tune in 收听/收看⏹set ratings records 创下收视纪录⏹best seller 畅销书⏹electronically mediated athletics 电子媒介传送的体育竞技•astound sb. by … 以…使人大为震惊p246 (in frame)•to pigeonhole 定类•all-around ability•become more tolerant o f… 对…更加宽容p247•spouse abuse 家庭暴力•lurid details 耸人听闻的细节•When freedom is abused, anything irrational, bizarre and sinful can happen, and often to the extremes.•based loosely on a best-seller …大致基于一个畅销书基础之上•the durability and versatility of the genre这种类型作品的持久性和多样性•serial 连续剧•appeal to the average person’s interest in the rich and elite 迎合上层菁英群体的普遍趣味•be plagued with turmoil and strife 深受混乱和纠纷所困扰•the American cultural myth•add a new dimension to … 为…添加了一个新的范畴/向度•radical 激进的、极端的•melodramatic 通俗剧风格的，夸张闹剧的p248•witty 机智诙谐的•avant-garde 先锋的、前沿的•cultlike following 近乎崇拜的追随•take liberties with facts 随意处理事实•to heighten 提高= to raise, enhance•schlockudrams = schlock dramas 低劣廉价的电视剧•an invasion of privacy 对隐私的侵犯p249•strive for …力争，力求•bring a complex social issue into focus 把一个复杂的社会争议带入焦点•keep readers up-to-date on… 使读者对…有最新近的了解•titillating 逗乐的p250•gain publicity•reenact 重演、再现•be keen to do sth = be keen on sth•line-ups 节目表•camcorder 摄像机p251•experiment … with…做…实验•top-notch 一流的•profound a. 意义深远的p254•involvement in …•newsman = reporter•As someone puts it, 正如某人所言•conduct vt. 进行，承办p255•investigative hearings•money laundering 洗钱•on someone’s behalf 代表某人•adopt … approaches 采用…手段p256•human interest stories 大众趣味的报道•feature reports 新闻特写•talents 人才•deferential to …对…态度恭敬•in-depth coverage 深度报道•stay tuned to …收听、收看…•popularity 知名度•major news events 重大新闻事件•to boost ratings 提高收视率p257•host/hostess, anchor, anchorperson, anchorman/anchorwoman•find a niche among … 在…那里有了市场/位置•to go on camera 上镜头•identify with …与…相一致•survey 问卷调查•rely on a variety of gimmicks 凭借各种手段、噱头•camcorder•videotape vt. 拍下了，摄制了…•be acquitted 被宣布无罪•rioting and violence 骚乱•profound 深远的•instantaneous 即时的•sophisticated planning 精心的策划p258 （in frame）•lobbying 游说•hail CNN as … 把CNN赞誉为…•request for subscriptions (媒介产品的)阅听订购•commercials, spots （电子媒介里的）广告•the strengths and weaknesses of … …的褒贬，优劣• a dramatic reaching around for anything that works 网罗一切奏效的东西（吸引观众）p259•time-consuming activities p260•replace A with B 以B代替A•cherished activities 值得赞扬、积极健康的活动•play an important role in …•civil rights movement 民权运动•call for 要求…•gain momentum 开始令人瞩目，开始具有发展势头p261•stereotyped roles 符合刻板印象的角色•make it on her own 靠她自己取得成功•accelerate their acceptance 加速其(被)认可/接受•into the mainstream popular culture进入主流大众文化•action/adventure show•moonlighting 晚上做兼职的副业、第二职业•meet resistance•urban intellectuals 城市知识分子•refined and thinking members 有教养有头脑的成员•people in intellectual circles•to make inroads in to …打进，攻入…•suffer a nervous breakdown受精神崩溃的折磨•pacifying effects of TV电视的安抚哄骗效应p262 •shortcomings vs. merits/strong points•pick up on… 领悟…•mental vegetables 植物人•couch potatoes 电视迷，沙发土豆•As far as I am concerned, 就我来说，•you might as well…(对熟人、属下用语)你不妨…•feminism 女权主义/运动（见小文章）•the work force average 劳动力市场的普遍情况•The study’s findings 研究的发现/结果•socioeconomic 社会经济学的•entrepreneurs 企业家•Despite the fact that …尽管…•equal opportunities✹contend 争辩，坚信p263✹bizarre and violent behavior✹mentally unbalanced✹and then proc eed to …继而…✹fuel the arguments 引发了争议✹prevent …from …使…不致…，避免…✹run out of …: …用完了✹juveniles 青少年✹the court ruled that …法院作出…裁决✹react to …✹found someone guilty of …✹causal relationship between A and B 两者间的因果关系✹ a positive relationship between A and B两者之间的关系呈现正相关✹televised violence✹respond to … p264 =be in response to✹make-believe a. 假装出来的✹antiviolence advocates 反暴力倡导者✹ a deluge of …: …的泛滥✹…aimed at children✹an effective dramatic device for TV✹exploit vt. 利用，剥削✹have difficulty distinguishing between A and B 不易辨别两者✹philosophy 理念✹psychological effect p265✹physiological effects✹conduct studies✹excessive TV viewing✹harmful vs. beneficial✹if it is used constructively 如果使用得当✹interact with …:与…互动✹see to it that …：留意…✹vocabulary levels 词汇量✹Sesame Street 芝麻街✹inflict some damage on someone 使…遭受伤害✹to meet particular interests p267✹the elite or the high culture 精英和高雅文化✹corporate sponsorship✹fund-raiser 集资活动，集资人p268✹Despite the fact that …✹bypassing 绕过✹pay-per-view (按每个节目)付费收看的✹Media ethics 新闻道德p399✹respond to …by…: 以…方式对…作出反应✹ a news conference 新闻发布会，记者招待会✹reduction of violence p400✹the focus of the controversy 争议的焦点✹feast on …：盘剥…，靠…发财✹describe the scene vividly✹to spare the grisly details 不过分渲染可怕细节p401✹the function and responsibility of the mass media✹an exclusive story 一条独家新闻✹for the sake of …：看在…的面子上，缘于…✹Chances are that… 有这样的可能性…✹the coveted Pulitzer Prize令人向往不已的…✹health-code violations 违反食品条例✹screening committee 审查委员会✹turn town 拒绝、否定✹honesty and integrity 诚实正派p402✹ethical standards for the media✹The questi on is… 问题是揭露劣迹的好处，是否强于新闻媒体有争议或欺骗性的做法。