全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义第二部分定语从句的讲解、练习及译法1．that和which用法比较：1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。
e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true.他说他很忙，那是假的。
We don’t want to enter the house, which is very cold.我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。
2) which用于介词后做宾语。
e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large.窗户正对着海的房间很大。
The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron.你坐的椅子是用钢做的。
3) that一定用于“不（不定代词作先行词时）止（“只是”only修饰先行词时）最（形容词最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。
e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。
A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district.装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。
That is only thing that I want to know.那是我唯一想知道的事情。
The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy.你买的最后一本书是我想买的。
What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大？2．定语从句的种类定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和限定性定语从句。
e.g.: They don’t like that person who is noisy.他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。
*非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。
e.g.: They don’t like that person, who is noisy.他们不喜欢那个人，因为他太吵闹了。
*限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。
它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。
语法及词汇练习1. The bridge was named __ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A afterB withC byD from2. There were no tickets __ for Friday’s performance.A preferableB considerableC possibleD available3. __ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.A Inferior toB Superior toC Prior toD Preferable to4. Cancer is second only __ heart disease as a cause of death.A ofB toC withD from5. It wasn't such a good dinner __ she had promised us.A thatB whichC asD what6. American women were __ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A ignoredB neglectedC refusedD denied7. They decided to chase the cow away __ it did more damage.A unlessB untilC beforeD although8. __ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A EachB AnyC EitherD One9. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at __ chemist’s.A eachB someC anyD certain10. All __ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A what is neededB for our needsC the thing neededD that is needed11. __ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A When comparedB CompareC While comparingD Comparing12. After __ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A being interviewedB interviewedC interviewingD having interviewed13. __ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A That was from StephenB It was Stephen whomC It was from Stephen thatD It was Stephen that14. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller __.A suitB setC oneD pair15. Many new __ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A opportunitiesB necessitiesC realitiesD probabilities16. He must have had an accident, or he __ then.A would have been hereB had to be hereC should be hereD would be here17. You __ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A needn’t have doneB must not have doneC shouldn’t have doneD can not have done18. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you __ it.A mustn’t have doneB wouldn’t have doneC mightn’t have doneD didn’t have to do19. It was essential that the applications forms __ back before the deadline.A must be sentB would be sentC be sentD were sent20. We __ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A just have hadB have just hadC just hadD had just had21. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes __ I heard voices.A asB whileC afterD when22. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, __ something occurred which attracted my attention.A unlessB untilC whenD while23. It was essential that these application forms __ back as early as possible.A must be sentB will be sentC are sentD be sent24. The children went there to watch the iron tower __.A to erectB be erectedC erectingD being erected25. The engine __ smoke and steam.A gives upB gives inC gives awayD gives off26. The manager promised to keep me __ of how our business was going on.大家网，大家的！更多精品在大家！A to be informedB on informingC informedD informing27. The goals __ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A after whichB for whichC with whichD at which28. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and __ in a quiet neighborhood.A all in allB above allC after allD over all29. __ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A For nowB Now thatC Ever sinceD By now30. What you have done is __ the doctor’s orders.A attached toB responsible toC resistant toD contrary to译法：1．定语从句的前置合译法：On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。