Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里【New words and expressions】（12）trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境surface n. 地面，表面explosive n. 炸药vibration n. 震动collapse v. 坍塌drill v. 钻孔capsule n. 容器layer n. 层、層次beneath prep. 在......之下lower v. 放下，降低progress v. 进展，进行smoothly adv. 顺利地★ trap （1）v. 陷入，使陷于困境eg：He was trapped in the game preserve . 他被困在禁獵區。
in the game preserve 在禁獵區（2）v. 將（某人）誘入圈套、誘騙（某人）trap sb into doing 誘使某人做某事eg：They trapped her into marring him . 他們又騙她嫁給了他。
（3）n.（捕鳥、獸等用的）圈套、陷阱a bear caught in a trap 熊陷入陷阱set a trap for mouse ＝set a mousetrap 設（陷阱）；張（羅網）；揚（帆），鉤住（4）n. 詭計、圈套、策略eg：He fell into a trap . 他掉進了陷阱★ surface （1）n. 地面，表面a smooth surface 光滑的表面（2）n. 外表、外觀look only at the surface of things 只看事情的表面on the surface 表面上的、外觀上的friendship on the surface 表面上的友誼eg：You looked satisfied on the surface then .那個時候你看起來表面上很滿足。
（3）adj. 外表的surface differences 表面上的差異；surface kindness 表面上的好心短語：surface mail 陸（水）路郵件、普通郵件（相反的airmail）send a letter by surface mail 寄普通郵件★ explosive （1）n. 炸药high explosive 強力炸藥（2）adj. 爆發的、爆發性的an explosive substance 爆炸物explosion n. （1）爆發、爆裂、爆炸聲a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸（2）爆發an explosion of laughter 爆發出笑聲explode v. （1）（炸藥、煤氣等）爆炸事件eg：The heat exploded the corked bottle .熱氣使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。
（2）（因生氣、笑等）使（感情）爆發、（感情）爆發eg：He exploded in anger . 勃然大怒eg：His jealousy exploded when she kissed another boy .看她吻了另一個男孩、他醋勁大發。
＊jealousy [ˈdʒeləsi] n.妒忌；猜忌★ vibration n. 震动the vibration of the traffic 車輛來往產生的振動。
vibrate （1）v. 振動、搖動eg：His shoulders vibrated with anger .他氣到雙肩顫動。
（2）v. 受……而感動，（心）顫動、驚動eg：My heart vibrated to the soulful painting .那張充滿感情的畫感動了我的心靈。
★ collapse （1）v. 坍塌、瓦解、崩潰eg：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow . 雪把房頂壓塌了. eg：The heavy flood collapsed the bridge .大洪水使橋樑倒塌了。
（2）v.（計劃、事業等）垮掉、挫敗eg：Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds .因為資金短缺，我們的計畫挫敗。
（3）v. 摺疊、可摺疊eg：This table collapses , so I can store it easily .這種桌子可以折疊,不用時很容易收藏。
collapse a tent 把帳篷折疊起來★ drill （1）v. 钻孔drill a hole in the wall 在牆上鑽個洞drill a tooth 鑽牙齒（2）v. 訓練（某人），反覆練習、接受訓練drill troops 練兵drill in English pronunciation 英語發音練習（3）n. 錐子、鑽孔機an electric drill 電鑽make a hole with a drill 用鑽打洞（4）n. 訓練、演練、演習 a fire drill 消防演習drill in English words 英文單字反覆練習★ capsule n. 容器、膠囊eg：He swallowed two capsules at a time . 他一下吃了兩粒膠囊。
medicine ：pill [pil] 藥丸、powder [ˈpaudə] 藥粉、tablet [ˈtæblit] 藥片、capsule [ˈkæpsju:l] 膠囊★ layer （1）n. 层、一層a layer of clay 一層泥＊clay [klei] n.粘土，泥土a cake with two layers 兩層蛋（2）置放者、砌……的人（通常構成複合詞）a bricklayer 泥瓦匠（3）下蛋的雞a good layer 常下蛋的雞←→ a bad layer 不常下蛋的雞★ beneath （1）prep. 在......之下（可用已表示接觸或未接觸時，稍為嚴謹的表達法，一般多用under）eg：Let’s take a rest beneath the tree . 讓我們在樹下休息。
eg：The ground beneath my feet was soft . 我腳下的土地鬆軟。
（2）（地位、價值）較…….差的，較……不值的的eg：His work is beneath contempt . 他的行為使人不屑一顧eg：Such words are beneath you . 說這些話有些失你身份。
★ lower （1）v. 放低（高度、位置），降低eg：She lowered her eyes . 他垂下眼睛。
lower a flag 降旗；lower the sails 降帆lower the water in the canal 降低運河中的水位（2）v. 降低（價格、數量、程度、聲音等）lower the rent of a house 降低房租；lower one’s voice 壓低聲音the Lower House （兩院治的）下議院the House of Representatives （美）眾議院the House of Commons （英）下議院the Upper House 上議院★ progress （1）[ˈprəˈgres] v. 进展，进行eg：We are now progressing steadily with our work我們現在工作進展順利。
（2）v. 進步、上進eg：You have progressed quickly in mathematics . 你在數學上進步迅速。
（1）n. [ˈprəugres] 前進、進行make swift progress toward the destination 朝目的地迅速前進。
make slow progress toward the destination朝目的地緩慢前進。
（2）n. 進步the progress of medicine 醫藥的進步★ smoothly adv. 顺利地、平滑地go smoothly 進展順利eg：The escalator didn’t operate smoothly . 自動扶梯沒有順利運作＊escalator [ˈeskəleitə] n.自動扶梯＊operate [ˈɔpəreit] vi.運轉；動手術；起作用vt.操作；經營smooth （1）adj. 平滑的、順利的（反義詞rough）a smooth skin 光滑的皮膚；a smooth road 順暢的道路eg：His efforts made the smooth passage of the bill possible .他的努力使該法案得以順利通過。
（2）adj. 口齒伶俐的 a smooth talker 一個能說會道的人（3）adj. 溫和的eg：He is smooth in his manners . 他舉止彬彬有禮。
（4）v. 使平滑（坦）smooth out a tablecloth 鋪平桌布eg：Don’t forget to smooth down the board before you paint it .在刷油漆之前別忘了把木料打磨光滑。
if 條件句真實條件句：主將從現非真實條件件句：與現在事時相反或對不可能的情況假設主句：would do……從句：一般過去式與過去事實相反的假設主句：would have done……從句：had done…….Exercise ：1. 用正確的動詞填空（1）If they are not brought （not bring ）to the surface soon , they may lose their lives .（2）If explosive are used , vibrations will cause （cause）the roof of the mine to collapse.（3）If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath soil, they would have completed（complete）the job in a few hours .（4）If they know how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock , they would lose（lose）heart .2. 用正確的動詞填空（1）If he had fitted safety belts to his car , he would not have been injured .（not injure）（2）The man would have been saved if a helicopter had been （be）available.（3）If you come home late you will find（find）the key under the mat .（4）I would have found the house easily if he had given （give）me the correct address.（5）If smoking is forbidden（forbid）illnesses will be reduced .【Text】Why is the rescue taking so long?Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.★Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。