(完整版)燃料电池基础理论
(1)定义:流体中(气体或液体)温度不同的各部分之 间,由于发生相对的宏观运动而把热量由一处 传递到另一处的现象。
(2) 对流换热:当流体流过一个物体表面时的热量传递 过程,他与单纯的对流不同,具有如下特点:
a 导热与热对流同时存在的复杂热传递过程 b 必须有直接接触(流体与壁面)和宏观运动;也
必须有温差 c 壁面处会形成速度梯度很大的边界层 (3)对流换热的分类
2e-
2H+ H2 --> 2H+ + 2e-
1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- --> H2O
H2
H2O
hydrogen feed
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Catalyst layers
Fuel cell – electrochemical reaction
anode
membrane
cathode
catalyst
(3)导热的特点:a 必须有温差;b 物体直接接触;c
依靠分子、原子及自由电子等微观粒子热运动而传递
热量;d 在引力场下单纯的导热只发生在密实固体
中。
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(4)导热的基本定律: 1822年,法国数学家Fourier:
Φ A dt W
dx
q Φ dt
A
dx
W m 2
上式称为Fourier定律,号称导
无相变:强迫对流和自然对流
2021/4/11 有相变:沸腾换热和凝结换热
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(4) 对流换热的基本计算公式——牛顿冷却公式
Φ hA(tw t ) W
q Φ A
h(tw t f ) W m2
Convection heat transfer
— 热流量[W],单位时间传递的热量
coefficient
q — 热流密度 W m2 h — 表面传热系数 W (m2 K)
A — 与流体接触的壁面面积 m2
tw —20固21/体4/1壁1 表面温度 C
A hydrogen fuel cell reverses the electrolysis of water
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The first demonstration of a fuel cell by William Grove in 1839
(a) The electrolysis of water. (b) The reverse of electrolysis.
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Basic cathode-electruel cell
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Electrode reactions and charge flow for an acid electrolyte fuel cell
Anode (negative electrode)
燃料电池基础理论
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What is a fuel cell?
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that continuously converts chemical energy into electric energy (and thermal energy as a by-product) for as long as fuel and oxidant are supplied.
热基本定律,是一个一维稳态
t
dx
dt 0
Q
x
导热。其中:
图1-2 一维稳态平板内导热
:热流量,单位时间传递的热量[W];q:热流密度,单
位时间通过单位面积传递的热量;A:垂直于导热方向的
截面积[m2];:导热系数(热导率)[W/( m K)]。
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2 对流(热对流)(Convection)
2H2 4H 4e
Cathode (positive electrode)
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O2 4e 4H 2H2O
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PEMFC Basics
external load
collector plate
GDL
membrane GDL oxygen feed
O2
collector plate
The “conventional positive current” flows from positive to the negative terminal.
At anode (-): oxidation
At cathode (+): reduction
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燃料电池热力学
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Fuel cells are similar to batteries, but unlike batteries: ➢ fuel cells will work continuously if the fuel is continuously supplied ➢ fuel cells do not need recharging
2H2
4H+ + 4e-
O2 + 4H+ + 4e-catalyst 2H2O
electrode
electrode
overall
2H2 + O2
2H2O E0 = 1.23 V
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Positive cathode (+) and negative anode (-)
Electrons flow from anode (-) to cathode (+), thus cathode is electrically positive terminal, since electrons flow from – to +. Cathode is always the electrode into which electrons flow and anode is always the electrode from which electrons flow.
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热量传递的三种基本方式
热量传递的三种基本方式:导热(热传导)、对流(热对流) 和热辐射。
1 导热(热传导)(Conduction)
(1)定义:指温度不同的物体各部分或温度不同的两物体
间直接接触时,依靠分子、原子及自由电子等微观粒
子热运动而进行的热量传递现象 (2)物质的属性:可以在固体、液体、气体中发生