2019年全国医学考博英语阅读理解(真题)Part IV Reading ComprehensionPassage OneThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from complicated and controversialday care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Thirdly,in the last decade,there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development（63）.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find theimmediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time（64）.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.英国心理分析学家约翰-波尔认为在孩子出生到3岁之前这时间段是孩子敏感的依恋期，和父母分离的话可能会伤害到孩子性格的形成，并可使他们在未来容易出现情感问题。
有人由此得出结论，认为孩子在3岁之前不应该交给日托所，因为这样会造成孩子和父母的分离。
很多人都相信这种说法。
有人认为由外人照顾的3岁以下小孩由于和父母分开会受到伤害，但同样也存在烦的这种观点的数法。
然而传统社会和现代社会有极大的不同，因此在这一点上进行比较是没有多少说服力的。
首先，人类学家指出现代社会常见的父母子女分开的情况基本不存在于传统社会。
例如，在像恩格尼这样的原始部落，孩子的父母不仅抚养自己的孩子---远远不止。
当然，波尔比的分析提出了童年是所受到的照顾可能会后后续的影响。
只有靠数据才能分析导致更多，比如说，15或20年后的精神疾病或者犯罪倾向的可能性。
然而，这类数据研究还没有完全展3【A】细节题。
题目问的是“根据文章，父母和孩子分离的结果”。
回归原文：“However,statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would certainly be complicated and controversial."说明还需要更多的数据分析，符合A 项。
而其他三项在文中都没有明确的涉及或与文中意思不符，故选A。
62.The author thinks that John Bowlby’s concernA.Is relevant and justifiableB.Is too strong to believeC.Is utterly groundlessD.Has something that deserve our attention【D】细节题。
题目问的是“作者认为约翰•波尔比的观点：回归原文："Certainty,Bowlby's analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayed effects.”这说明作者承认Bowlby的诚点指出了童年时所受照料对成年可能会有影响，也就是值得我们注意。
A,B和C项都过于武断，故选D63.What’s the result of American studies of children in day care in the last decade?A.The children’s unhappiness and protest was due to the day care the children received.B.The bad effects of parental separation were hard to deal with.C.The effect of day care was nto necessarily negative on children’s development.D.Early care was reasonable for babies since it’s practiced by so any people nowadays.［C］细节题。
题目问的是“在过去十年里,美国针对儿童在日托机构的研究结果是什么？”回归原文："Thirdly,in the last decade,there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.”在过去的十年里，许多研究报告都一致指出照顾这件事（即父母和孩子分开）对孩子的成长只有中性或少许正面的影响，这符合C的说法，故选C64.According to the passage,which of the following is probably a reason for parents to send their children under three to day care?A.They don’t know about day care’s negative effect.B.They are too busy to care for their children.C.They want their children to be independent as early as possible.D.They want to facilitate their children to adapt to nursery at the age of about three.【D】推断题。
题目问的是“根据文章,下列哪一个有可能是父母把3岁以下的孩了送到日托机构的原因？”回归原文：“At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time."到了3岁或3岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都变得比较容易送去托儿所,这无疑是越来越多父母在这个时候选择儿童看护机构的原因。
A项说父母不了解日托机构的负面效果;B项说父母太忙了没时间照顾小孩;C项说父母希望孩子能够尽早独立；D项说父母希望可以帮助小孩在3岁左右适应育儿机构。
B和C文中没有涉及;文中虽有提到日托的负面效果，但并没有确认,相反还提到如果日托有很多负面影响，父母是不会送孩子去那里的，因此也不对；最后，父母送孩子去育儿机构一方面是因为3岁左右的小孩比较容易适应离开父母，另一方面就是他们的主观愿望了，这需要我们进行合理推测。
育儿机构是儿童离开家庭适应社会的第一步，因此父母的举动反映了他们希望孩子适应机构的愿望，故选D。
65.What’s the author’s attitude to people who have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three?A.He supports most of their belief because Bowlby’s proposition is well-grounded.B.He is sympathetic for them,for he think they have been misled by Bowlby.C.He doesn’t totally agree with them,since the long-term effect of day care still needs further study.D.He doesn’t quite understand them,as they are contradictory in themselves.【C】态度题。
题目问的是“作者对有人从Bowlby的作品中得出3岁以前的儿童不应该送去日托机构的结论是什么态度”。
A项说作者支持他们大多数的看法，因为Bowlby的看法很有道理这和第四段中作者说“然而，这类数据研究还没完全展开，而且即使有这样的研究，研究成果肯定也会非常复杂并具有争议性。
”相悖，可以排除；B项说作者同情相信Bowlby观点的人，因为他们被Bowlby误导了。
这个在文中没有提到，可排除;C项说作者完全不同意这些人的观点，因为日托的长期影响还需要进一步的研究。
从第四段的分析可以看出，作者对日托的态度是正面的，也提到需要进一步的数据研究，符合文义;D项说作者不完全同意这些人的观点，因为这些人的观点有自相矛盾的地方。