All the above rules were known as code of chivalry.
2. The church
Center of daily life place of worship place for recreation center of trade center of community activity
Age of Faith
In the late Middle Ages, almost
everyone in western Europe was a
Christian and a member of the Christian
Church. Christianity took the lead in
欧洲文化入门(三)
The Middle Ages
中世纪
I. General Introduction
1. The Middle Ages
a. Time division: in European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.
Greatly influenced the history of Europe
Feudal lords out, kings at home strengthen themselves→help to break down feudalism→ rise of the monarchies.
Many ideas changed ‘cause of the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems
Three classes of people amp;2. The ruling classes 3. Peasants
3. The Crusades （十字军东征）
(1096-1291)
The Effect
Important effect on the future both the East and West.
The Roman Catholic Church
（罗马天主教）
b. Church Father and Early Monasticism （隐修院制度）
St. Jerome （圣 ·哲罗姆）:
his translation of the Bible from Hebrew and Greek original into Latin The Vulgate (拉丁文圣经)
Serf :农奴 Fiefs:封地（采邑） Vassals:诸侯（封臣）
Code of Chivalry骑士的信条
A. be pledged to protect the weak
B. fight for the church C. be loyal to his lord D. respect women of noble birth
Renewing people’s interest in learning and invention
Trinity三位一体
Trinity: Power (the Father) 圣父
Wisdom (the Son) 圣子
Love (the Holy Spirit) 圣灵
a. The Organization of Church
The Catholic Church was a highly centralized
1. Feudalism: a system of land-holding, a
word derived from Latin “feudum”, a grant of land：封建土地所有制
a. Growth of Feudalism b. The Manor
C. Knighthood & Code of Chivalry
b. It is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times.
(ancient times→ The Middle Ages →modern times)
c. Age of faith
General Introduction
Augustine of Hippo
(北非希波主教奥古斯丁，神学界的旷世奇才）
主要著作
1、《忏悔录》 （The Confession)
2、《上帝之城》 (The City of God)
(第一部教会历史哲学)
C.The Power and influence of the Catholic Church
and disciplined international organization.
Pope （罗马教皇）
↓
Archbishops (大主教）
↓
Bishop （主教）
↓
Priests （神甫）
The Roman Catholic Church & Eastern Orthodox Church
(1054)
During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.
politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds
of years. It shaped people’s lives. That is
why the Middle Ages is also called the
“Age of Faith”.
II. Manor（庄园） and Church