Particular words we need to know什么样的词我们应该注意是这样的？chimaera 鹰身狮头蝎尾怪物gargoyle 怪兽状滴水嘴fern 羊齿植物什么样的词应该注意还是这样的？maudlin 感情脆弱，酒后伤感的vacuous 愚笨的,没有思想的impenetrability 费解，不受影响漠视词性，只看字根penetratepenetrableimpenetrableimpenetrabilityimpenetrablypenetrating……很多情况是动词不是以下这些giggle咯咯笑, chuckle轻声笑, smirk假笑, sneer嗤笑…gallop马飞奔, soar鹰翱翔, lunge豹猛扑sprint突然加速, scurry急匆匆地走, scud飞掠… 而是表达感情方向的动词acquire 努力获得 acquisitive 渴望得到的，贪婪的ameliorate 改善改良，减轻 improve, rectify, boost, mitigateantedate 时间早于…precede, predate, anticipatearbitrate 裁断，公决 arbitrary 随心所欲的，专横的，反复无常的. capricious, whimsical, unpredictable, erratic, unreasonable; despotic, tyrannical, peremptory, autocratic, dictatorial, draconian, autarchicascertain 查明，找出belie 证明…不对；掩饰 contradict; disprove, concealbelittle 轻视，小看– Thomas Jeffersonbolster 支持，提高 buttress, invigorate, strengthenhomonym同型同音异义字brandish 炫耀 flaunt, flourishcompliance 依从，顺从 tractable, malleability, meekness, submissiveness, concessionconcur 同意，赞同debunk 揭穿，暴露 explode, invalidatedeceive 欺骗 deceptivedefer 推迟拖延，尊崇 postpone, procrastinate; yield, submit, capitulate, obeydeter 威慑，吓住 daunt, intimidatedemur 反对，有顾虑 dissentdetach 分开，超然 detachment, attachmentdeteriorate 恶化 degrade, stagnate, wane, ebbdispute 争论，争吵 debate, quarreldisquiet 使不安 unease, restive, perturb, vexdisseminate 传播 spread, disperse, diffuse, promulgate, dissipateemerge 浮现 manifest oneselfendorse 认同认可 endorsemententitle 给权利资格 qualify, sanction, enfranchise, capacitateexacerbate 恶化 aggravate, make matters worse <> exasperate激怒flout 藐视，轻视 defy, scorn, disdainpenetrate 穿刺，理解 puncture, infiltrate, permeateimprovise 即兴 extemporize, ad-lib, impromptucongruent 相同，一致，同意 consonance, rapport, consilience, unanimityoblige 有职责，强迫perceive 感知，知觉reconcile 调和，使一致 harmonize, mollify, propitiate, placate, reuniterelent 变温和，怜悯 relentlessrender 使成为，使变得… make, offer, send inrevere 尊敬 worship, admire, cherish, venerate, idolize, lionize, esteemruminate 沉思 contemplate, meditate on, deliberate aboutscathe 痛斥 devastating, scorching, severe, withering, blisteringscrutinize 细查 examine carefullyunderscore 强调 underline, highlightverify 证明，核实 substantiate, attest to, corroboratevalidate 证实，批准 prove, uphold, vindicateThose who fear the influence of television deliberately ___ its persuasive power, hoping that they might keep knowledge of its potential to effect social change from being widely disseminated.∙promote∙underplay∙excuse∙laud∙suspectAll____ biological traits fall into one of two categories: those giving their possessors greater ___ the environment and those rendering them more independent of it.those rendering them more independent of it那些特征使得生物独立于环境之外fall into two categories 可以分成两类结论：空格二也是对于生物有利的特征所以：空格一填一个表示有利的词常考形容词和名词adroit : clever or skillful灵巧的；精明的alacrity: brisk and cheerful readiness 敏捷，轻快；乐意aloof : conspicuously uninvolved冷漠的，超然的amicably: friendly 友善的，温和的anachronistic: a error in chronology 年代错误的antiquarian: relating to or dealing in antiques or rare books 古文物的aplomb : calm 沉着，泰然自若；阿普隆(芭蕾演员在整个过程中完全控制住躯干和四肢，重心掌握正确)austere: ascetic, unembellished 朴素的，禁欲的benign: gentle and kind善良的，良性的blatant: too obvious吵嚷的，炫耀的boisterous: noisy 喧闹的，猛烈地cacophonous: harsh and discordant声音刺耳的，不和谐的callow: inexperienced and immature稚嫩无经验的，未成熟的cantankerous: bad-tempered脾气坏的，爱争吵的capricious: impulsive and changing 多变的，反复无常的cathartic: psychological relief净化的，陶冶情操的，有宣泄作用的；导泻的cloying: disgust or sick with an excess of sweetness因过量而倒胃口的，使人感到腻烦的cogent : clear, logical, convincing 有说服力的，强有力的complacent: showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one’s achievements自满的，殷勤的compunctious: guilt 内疚的，悔恨的contemptuous: contempt 鄙视的，轻蔑的contiguous: touching, common border 毗邻的，共边的convivial: jovial, cheerful 喜欢宴饮的copious: abounding, lavishing 丰富的，富饶的cordial: warm and friendly 热忱的，真心的covert: hidden 隐蔽的，秘密的debilitating: weaken 削弱的decorous: polite and restrained 行为正派得体的defunct: no longer existing or functioning 已死的，不再活动的derivative: unoriginal 被引申出的，派生的，缺乏独创的desecrated: not consecrated 亵渎的，轻蔑的Some drugs act as ____ when taken in small doses but act as ____ when taken in much larger doses.toxicant 毒药tranquilizer 镇静剂laxative 轻泻剂cathartic 导泻剂hallucinogen 致幻剂pacifier 镇静剂生活里面积累的字根paci~ 和平，平静，太平，镇静tranq ~ 镇静剂，镇静serene ~ 宁静，镇静，安静，和平pacifier, pacific, tranquil, serenity, serenade …The judge was especially severe in his sentencing because he felt that the criminal had shown no ______ for his heinous crime.A.mercyB.contritionpunctionD.lenienceE.sorrowpassiondesolate: uninhabited and giving an impression of bleak emptiness 荒芜的，不毛的detrimental: harmful 有害的，不利的diaphanous: light, delicate, and translucent 透明的，半透明的discriminating: can tell the difference between things 有识别力的docile: ready to accept control or instruction; submissive 驯服的，易控制的dubious : hesitating or doubting; suspect 引起怀疑的，暧昧的ebullient: cheerful 思想感情等奔放的，洋溢的，兴高采烈的eclectic: derive ideas from a broad and diverse range of sources 折衷的，兼收并蓄的eminent: conspicuous, outstanding 明显的，卓越的enigmatic: puzzling 令人费解的ephemeral : live within a day朝生暮死的erudite: having or showing great knowledge or learning 博学的，有学问的euphoric: cheerful 心情愉快的，情绪高涨的exhilarating: elating 令人高兴的explicit: unequivocal 明确坦率的extraneous: out of body, not necessary 体外的，外部的，非必要的extravagant : luxuriant, excessive奢侈的，浪费的，过分的exuberant : full of energy茂盛的，繁茂的，丰富的，生气勃勃的felicitous :pleasing and fortunate善于措辞的，贴切的，令人愉快的fervent : having or displaying a passionate intensity炽热的，热情的flagrant : conspicuously or obviously offensive臭名远扬的，明目张胆的12.5It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobody would think of denying, that Romero at the age of sixty-four writes with all the characteristics of ____.A.maturityB.fictionC.inventivenessD.artE.brillianceF.ripenessflimsy: insubstantial and easily damaged脆弱的，浮夸的，肤浅的flippant: rude 轻率地，轻浮无礼的fortuitous: lucky 幸运的frisky: playful 活跃的，爱闹着玩的frivolous: flippant or worthless 轻浮，轻佻，不重要的frolicsome: playful 嬉戏的，欢乐地frugal: thrift 节俭的gallant: brave 英勇的，豪侠的garnished: ornamental 经过装饰的gaudy: extravagantly bright or showy华丽而俗气的gawky: awkward 笨拙，腼腆的genial: cordial 和蔼可亲的，真诚的guile: tricky 狡猾奸诈gullible: credulous 容易上当的hackneyed: mediocre, full of experience 陈腐的，平庸的；老练的haughty: bossy 倨傲不逊的，傲慢的illicit: illegal 非法的，不正当的impetuous: bilious 急躁的，冲动的，狂暴的implausible: unbelievable 难以置信的improvisational: ad-lib 即兴的impudent: shameless 厚颜无耻的，放肆的inchoate: callow 初期的，不成熟的incorrigible: irremediable 屡教不改的，不可救药的；根深蒂固的indelible: lasting long 难以去除的，持久的indigence: poor 贫穷indigenous: local 当地的，本地的，固有的，内在的indignant: furious 愤怒的，愤慨的High software prices are frequently said to ___ widespread illegal copying, although the opposite----that high prices are the cause of the copying----is equally plausible.A contribute toB result fromC correlate withD explainE precedeineffable: cannot be explained or expressed 言语难以表达的，不可言喻的inept: dull 不适当的，愚蠢的，笨拙的inimical: unfriendly 有敌意的innocuous: harmless or having no toxic substances 无毒的，无害的insatiable: voracious 贪得无厌的，吃不饱的inscrutable: cannot be understood 不可理解的，不可思议的insolent: imperious 傲慢的，无礼的，厚颜无耻的intractable: not submissive 难驾驭的，倔强的intransigent: uncompromised 不妥协的irascible: irritable 易怒的，性情暴躁的itinerant: circling around 巡游的，巡回的jaded: wearied 精疲力竭的，迟钝的，厌倦的jubilant : cheerful欢欣的，欢腾的lackluster: having no energy 无光泽的，没有生气的laconic: terse 说话文章等简洁精练的languor: lethargic 衰弱无力；倦怠lay: not religious 世俗的，非神职的litigious: like to have a lawsuit or fight 好争论的，好打官司的loquacious: wordy 话多的lucrative: good to make profit from 赚钱的lugubrious: pretend to be sorrow 悲哀的，做作假装的过分伤心lush: palatable 鲜嫩多汁的，繁茂的，奢华的，丰富的magnanimous: easy to forgive 宽宏大量的malignant: evil 恶意的，非常有害的malleable: able to be changed 可变的，易受外界影响的，韧性的mediocre: normal 平庸的mellifluous: sweet sound 声音甜美的，悦耳的mendacity: lying a lot 虚假，撒谎习惯meticulous: very careful and precise 过分注重细节的militant: bellicose 好战的，好斗的miserly: penny-pinching 吝啬的mitigated: alleviated 缓和的，减轻的monumental: very important 重要的；纪念性的morbid: ill 病的；病态的moribund: going to die 垂死的，奄奄一息的morose: ill-tempered 阴郁的，孤僻的The play has a superficially satisfactory ending, but its portrayal of human suffering and of divine carelessness and _____ is tinged with darker feelings.kindheartednessintimacyaudacityjubilancemendacityAlways circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was ___ in its defense.A nonplussedB obsequiousC intransigentD deferentialE negligentHer ___ should not be confused with miserliness: as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need.A intemperanceB intoleranceC apprehensionD diffidenceE frugalityF thriftmundane: worldly 尘世的，平凡的myopic: short-sighted 目光短浅的，缺乏深谋远虑的myriad: countless or extremely great number of people or things 无数的，各种各样的，包罗万象的nascent: coming to existence and beginning to display signs of future potential 刚刚开始存在的obnoxious: making one feel bad 使人非常不快的，可憎的obstreperous: disordered 喧闹的，喧哗的，不守秩序的obtrusive: interlope 闯入的，莽撞的ostentatious: eager to show the knowledge 炫耀的，卖弄的，显眼的palpable: perceptive 可感知的，明显的pandemic: prevalent 疾病等大流行的，普遍的panoramic: view of whole region 全景的pejorative: derogated 贬损的，贬义的penitent: confessing 悔罪的，忏悔的perfidy: having no loyalty 不忠贞，背信弃义perspicacious: ingenious 聪颖的，睿智的；敏锐的pertinent: have some relation 有关系的phlegmatic: indifferent 缓慢的，冷淡的picayune: insignificant 没有价值的；微不足道的；无足轻重的人pivotal : central中枢的，轴心的placid: peaceful 平静的，温和的pluralistic: coexist 多元主义的，多元文化的posthumous: after death 死后的precarious: untenable 不牢靠的，不稳的，靠不住的precipitous: hasty 急促的，陡峭的，贸然的，轻率的predilection: preference 偏爱，偏好preliminary: elementary 初始的，预备的prestigious: inspiring respect and admiration 有威信的，受尊敬的primitive: early state 原始的，简单的，粗糙的pristine: original condition 太古的，本来的，原来的，春节的proclivity: tendency 倾向prohibitive: not allowed or too expensive 禁止的propensity: tendency 倾向prosaic: tedious 乏味的protean: variety 变化多端的，多才多艺的prudent: care 谨慎的puerile: naive幼稚的，年轻的During the widespread fuel shortage, the price of gasoline was so ___ that suppliers were generally thought to be ___ the consumer.However___ they might be, Roman poets were bound to have some favorite earlier author whom they would ___.pugnacious : bellicose好斗的，好战的querulous: complaining 抱怨的，吹毛求疵的；易怒的quixotic: idealistic 不切实际的，侠义的quizzical: mocking 戏弄的，取笑的，疑问的，好奇的ramshackle: not stable 摇摇欲坠的，放荡的reclusive: hermitic 隐居的，遁世的redolent: fragrant 芬芳的，馥郁的resent: indignation 愤恨retentive: effective in retaining facts and impressions 保留的，能记住的，吝啬的reticent: no words 沉默的reverential: deep respect 恭敬地，虔敬的salient :most noticeable or important显著的，突出的，纹章里狮子后退站立前爪举起的sanctimonious : making a show of being morally superior to other people伪装虔诚的scandalous :disgracefully bad可耻的，丢脸的，诽谤性的scintillating :brilliantly and excitingly clever or skillful闪耀的，耀眼的，才华横溢的slovenly: untidy and dirty 邋遢的，不修边幅的；马虎的，凌乱的solicitous :concern, eager, anxious关心的，焦虑的sophomoric :pretentious or juvenile一知半解而又过于自信地，知识肤浅却自命不凡的sovereign: possess supreme or ultimate power 君主的，最高统治者的sparse: thinly dispersed or scattered 稀少的，稀薄的spellbound: fascinate入迷的，出神的sprightly: relieved and energetic 生气勃勃的，轻松地squalid : sordid肮脏的，邋遢的，卑鄙的，恶劣的stagnated: not developing 呆滞的，不发展的，死气沉沉的startling: surprising 惊人的strenuous: nervous and arduous 紧张的，艰苦的，繁重的，费劲的strident: loud and harsh 尖声的，刺耳的，刺眼的sublime: noble and preeminent 高尚的，崇高的，出众的succinct: terse 简明的简练的Perhaps because scientists have been so intrigued by dogs’ superior senses of smell and hearing, researchers have long ___ their eyesight, assuming that they inhabit a drab, black-and-white world, devoid of color.A studiedB covetedC appreciatedD resentedE underestimatedsucculent : lush鲜美多汁的，丰富多彩的sundry: all kinds of 杂七杂八的，各种各样的supercilious: imperious 高傲的，傲慢的taciturn: reserve 沉默寡言的，不爱说话的，一本正经的tangential: diverging 正切的，离题的，不相干的tenable: defensible 能防守的，站得住脚的，合理的tenacious :persisting 紧握的，坚持的，顽强的tenuous: very weak 细的，脆弱的，不坚固的tractable : docile驯服的，温顺的，听从的，易加工的trenchant : vigorous in expression or style锐利的，犀利的，中肯的，有效的tumultuous: excited, disordered , confused 吵闹的，喧哗的，骚动的unassuming: humble 谦逊的，不傲慢的unpalatable: taste bad 不好吃的，不可口的unrelenting : no mercy不怜悯的，冷酷无情的，坚定不移的vacuous: emptiness 空的，空虚的，无知的vapid: tedious 乏味的，枯燥的，单调的verbose: lengthy and wordy唠叨的，冗长的versatile: having multiple abilities 有多种技能的，万用的vibrant: oscillated 震动的，充满生气的vicarious: replaced 取代的，替代别人的vigilant: wary of something 警戒的，警觉的visceral : instinctive内脏的，本能驱使的，出自内心的另外什么人也相当重要特征人物特征行为什么人,干什么事三种人1，they,he; 2, WHAuden, Charlotte Salomon;3,有工作的人学生: 学习老师: 教书裁判: 维持公平批评家: 赞扬或者指责医生: 救人学者,科学家: 弄清楚问题Animals that have tasted unpalatable plants tend to ___ them afterward on the basis of their most conspicuous features, such as their flowers.A recognizeB hoardC trampleD retrieveE identifyF savorSpecial Beings~~SBanarchist: a person who believes in or tries to bring about anarchy.anarchy : a state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority or other controlling systems.apprentice: a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages.ascetic: characterized by severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.Avant-garde: new and experimental ideas and methods in art, music, or literature.benefactor: a person who gives money or other help to a person or cause.beneficiary: a person who derives advantage from something, especially a trust, will or life insurance policy.bungler: a person makes many mistakes.clairvoyant: a person who claims to have a supernatural ability to perceive events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact.an not + arch arkhein = to rule 无政府hierarchymatriarchmonarcharch- 主要的 archbishop; 极度的archconservative形近前缀archaeo- 古代 archaeology, archaeopteryxapprentice = aprendre = to learnapprehend 逮捕，拘押，领会，看待comprehend 理解reprehend 指责，指摘ascetic 禁欲austere, abstinent, abstemious, severe, spartan, monkish, solitary, reclusive, cloistered, eremitic, puritanical, celibateavant-gardeavant-courier = harbinger: a person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another.a vanguard FrAvant-gardism 文学艺术上的先锋主义Avant-garde represents a pushing of the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status quo, primarily in the cultural realm.Dada or Dadaisman early 20th-century international movement in art, literature, music, and film, repudiating and mocking artistic and social conventions and emphasizing the illogical and absurd.anti-war, nothingness, meaninglessness反政府，虚无主义，摧毁一切bene- 好fact- 做benefactor 做好事的人beneficiary 受益人benediction 祝福 Benedict Saint & I ~ XVbenevolence 善意mal- 坏 malediction 诅咒malfunctioning 功能失常malaria 疟疾 mala aria = bad airclairvoyance : clair= clear+ voyance=voirdiscernmentjudiciousserendipity 意外发现珍奇或称心的物品的能力– The Three Princes of SerendipFacebook: ZuckerburgSpecial Beings~~SBconnoisseur: an expert judge in matters of taste.daredevil: a reckless person who enjoys doing dangerous things.demagogue: a political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument.dignitary: a person considered to be important because of high rank or office.dilettante: a person who cultivates an area of interest, such as the arts, without real commitment or knowledge.disparager: a person say sth. as being of little worth.egalitarian : a person who advocates or supports the principle of equality for all people.gourmet美食鉴赏家gourmand 吃货aesthetician 审美学家daredevilaudacious, c ourageous, valiant, gallant, valorous, intrepid, bold, reckless, ……demagogue蛊惑民心的政客，煽动家baby-kisser 为竞选而到处笼络人心的政客rabble-rouser 暴民煽动者soapbox orator, agitatordilettantesophomoricdabbler, amateur, laymandisparagerbelittle动作和做动作的人不一定意思一致比如apologize, apologist….主义者们egotist 利己主义者environmentalist 环保主义者chauvinist 沙文主义者hedonist 享乐主义者narcissist 自恋的人Special Beings~~SBiconoclast :a person who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions.反对偶像崇拜者insurgent: a rebel or revolutionary造反者interloper: a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not wanted or are considered not to belong.闯入者laconic : using very few words简洁的，精炼的libertine: a person, especially a man, who freely indulges in sensual pleasures without regard to moral principles.浪荡子maverick: an unorthodox or independent-minded person (Samuel A. Maverick)持不同意见者，不合常规的人inter 后缀一堆。