英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习一、简单句1、概述只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。
I am a student.我是一个学生。
She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。
He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操。
2、简单句的基本句型英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。
这五个基本句式：主谓结构（S + V）；主系表结构（S + V + P ）；主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）；主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）；主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C）说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语（1）主谓结构（S + V）在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。
He runs quickly．他跑得快。
They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out．煤气用完了。
My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。
Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。
（2）主系表结构（S + V + P ）在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。
He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still．他静静地站着。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式。
He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their hometown．他们在家乡种水稻。
He's got a chair to sit on．他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．请把这个句于译成英语。
（3）主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。
I saw a film yesterday．我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story?你读过这个故事吗?They found their home easily．他们很容易地找到他们的家。
They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。
They've put up a factory in the village．他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children．他们把这些孩子照看得很好。
You should look after your children well．你应该好好照看你的孩子。
（4）主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。
常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。
①简接宾语可以紧接动词之后，也可以用to后置。
He gave me a book/a book to me．他给了我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me．他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me．他把座位让给我。
②简接宾语可以紧接动词之后，也可以用for后置Mother bought me a book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me．他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me．请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me．他问我个问题。
③简接宾语不能紧接动词之后，要用介词后置They robbed the old man of his money．他们抢了老人的钱。
He's warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease．医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of the rats．我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak．他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
（5）主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C）在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。
常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。
请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry．他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out．我发现他出去了。
I saw him in．我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand．他们在沙地上发现了一个脚印。
They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now．我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the door of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
3、There be 句型（详参There be 结构一章）There be 结构是一个重要的基本句型，它由“There + be + 主语+ 壮语“构成。
There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.屋子里有一桌子两把椅子。
二、并列句1、概述由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。
并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。
并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。
并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号（但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号）。
常见的并列句结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
这种简单句常被叫做分句。
I help him and he helps me.我帮助他，他帮助我。
（并列连词是and）This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names. 这是我们的第一堂课，因此我不知道大家的名字。
(并列连词so前有逗号）She likes bread and milk, but she doesn't like eggs at all. 她喜欢面包和牛奶，但她一点也不喜欢鸡蛋。
（并列连词是but）You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year.你能在五分钟之画好一匹马，然而你却让我等了一年。
（并列连词是yet）Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到。
（并列连词是or）One was filled with kerosene, one with castor oil and one with vinegar.一个（瓶子）装满煤油，一个（瓶子）装满蓖麻油，还有一个（瓶子）装满醋。
（此句由3个分句组成，并列连词是and）2、并列连词并列连词（或连接副词）根据不同含义，分为如下几类：（1）表示连接，常用的有and、not only...but also、neither...nor等。
Right now it's the summer vacation and I'm helping my dad on the farm.眼下正是暑假期间，我帮助爸爸在农场里干活。
Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend. 他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友。
Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不寻找他。
（2）表示转折，常用的有but、yet、sill、however、while等。
We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.在美国的南方，我们种植稻谷，而在较冷的北方，人们种植小麦。