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地应力平衡方法介绍

6.19 Enhancements to the geostatic procedureProducts: Abaqus/Standard Abaqus/CAEBenefits: The geostatic procedure for obtaining the initial equilibrium state has been enhanced so that you no longer have to specify initial stresses that are close to the equilibrium state to obtain a solution corresponding to the original configuration.Description: The geostatic procedure is normally used as the first step of a geotechnical analysis; in such cases gravity loads (and possibly other types of loads) are applied during this step. Ideally, the loads and initial stresses should exactly equilibrate and produce zero deformations. However, in previous releases of Abaqus the geostatic procedure did not enforce this condition. In complex problems it may be difficult to specify initial stresses and loads that equilibrate exactly. Consequently, the displacements corresponding to the equilibrium solution might be large unless a special procedure is used to enforce small displacements.The enhanced geostatic procedure allows you to obtain equilibrium in cases when the initial stress state is unknown or is known only approximately. Abaqus automatically computes the equilibrium corresponding to the initial loads and the initial configuration, allowing only small displacements within user-specified tolerances. The procedure is available with continuum and cohesive elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom and the corresponding stress/displacement elements. The elastic, porous elastic, Cam-clay plasticity, and Mohr-Culomb plasticity material models are supported. Although the list of supported materials includes materials that exhibit inelastic behavior, the procedure is intended to be used in analyses in which the material response is primarily elastic; that is, inelastic deformations are small.The new enhancements are available from the Incrementation tabbed page when you create or edit a geostatic step in Abaqus/CAE. You must select automatic incrementation to access the new controls. The default settings for increment size and maximum displacement change are shown in Figure 6–6.Figure 6–6 The Incrementation options for a geostatic step.Abaqus/CAE Usage:Step module:Create Step: General: Geostatic; IncrementationReferences:Abaqus Analysis User's Manual∙“Geostatic stress state,” Section 6.8.2Abaqus/CAE User's Manual∙“Configuring a geostatic stress field procedure” in “Configuring general analysis procedures,” Section 14.11.1Abaqus Keywords Reference Manual∙*GEOSTATICAbaqus Verification Manual∙“*GEOSTATIC, UTOL,” Section 5.1.9ABAQUS 地应力平衡2011-03-30 14:42:12关于地应力的平衡方法,综合了版上的一些意见,结合了自己的想法,对于初始地应力的施加,得到了e-6的效果,方法比较简单,与大家分享!1.先施加重力荷载的作用,可以在cae中实现;2.在inp文件中的output request中写上*el prints,这样就会将施加重力荷载后的应力输出到*.dat文件中了;3.在*.dat文件中,将单元应力的序号及单元的应力拷出,例如ELEMENT T FOOT- S11 S22 S33 S12 NOTE1 1 -1.2598E+05 -1434. -3.1852E+04 892.72 1 -1.2249E+05 -6287. -3.2194E+04 1223.3 1 -1.1795E+05 -497.7 -2.9611E+04 1664.4 1 -1.1210E+05 -7240. -2.9834E+04 1992.5 1 -1.0485E+05 579.0 -2.6068E+04 2600.6 1 -9.5803E+04 -8272. -2.6019E+04 3031.7 1 -8.4709E+04 1915.-2.0698E+04 4083.8 1 -7.0634E+04 -9746. -2.0095E+04 4339.9 1 -5.1088E+04 5401.-1.1422E+04 8519.10 1 -2.4353E+04 -1.1150E+04 -8876. 1.2126E+0411 1 -1.2847E+05 268.1 -3.2050E+04 738.112 1 -1.2786E+05 -9868. -3.4433E+04 629.113 1 -1.2938E+05 -4224. -3.3402E+04 502.514 1 -1.3039E+05 -3458. -3.3461E+04 165.9 单独存为一个*.dat文件,4.用excel打开该文件,将其中的1所在的列去掉,在每个单元号前面加上其instance. ,即单元编号变为: instance名称.序号 ;注意不同的instance和part要都按照其所在的单元从小到大编号,而不是按照他们在整体单元编号来编号!5.接下来就在excel把该文件另存为*.csv格式的文件(即带有逗号分隔符的格式),6.最后在inp文件的step之前写上*initial conditions,type=stress,input=文件名.csv即可!这种方法不需要用python,比较简单,希望能对大家有用!先说为什么要施加地应力:1、我们所建立的几何模型一般和工程实际情况或尺寸相对应、相一致,比如边坡几何模型和实际边坡尺寸一致,但我们可以夸张一点想像,实际边坡应是由一个更大一点或更高一点的不受重力的初始边坡在n年前突然受重力和类似目前的边界条件作用下逐渐形成了今天的尺寸大小,n年前受重力和类似目前的边界条件作用之前边坡的尺寸大小,我们不得而知,如果能准确知晓,我们就可以建立一个那时的几何模型,再施加重力和边界条件进行计算,变形后形状和现状边坡形状一致,其内力也就是初始应力场或地应力,就不用专门去施加地应力了,但问题是我们不能知晓边坡受力前的形状尺寸,我们现在的几何模型就是边坡现在的实际尺寸,受力后将会变成一个更小的或与现状不一致的边坡,这不符合我们模拟现状边坡的目的。

如果我们知道现状边坡的内力,将其提取出来作为几何模型的内力,再和外力(重力)平衡,则我们建立的模型才能算和实际模型一致。

真实地知道现状边坡的内力是很难的,我们采取的办法是,用我们所建立的几何模型施加和实际模型一致的重力和边界条件进行计算,得到变形后或变得更小或与现状边坡不完全一致的边坡内力近似的作为现状边坡的内力,并重新将其施加于与现状边坡一致的几何模型,再施加重力(当然边界条件也应基本一致)以平衡,这样才算建立了与现状模型基本一致的模型,其下的计算才成为可能。

这就是所谓“地应力平衡”的含义、目的、作用。

2. 地应力平衡中的外力和内力的问题,地应力平衡中,显然,重力是外力,应力场是内力,仅有外力重力,没有内力是不可能的,同样,仅有内力(专指初始应力场)而不受重力也是不可能的,否则,整个体系的力不会平衡。

这就是为什么我们将提取出的内力施加于几何模型后必须再施加重力的原因。

为的是内力和外力平衡。

) q0 F3 q6 H1 O#3. 地应力场的方向问题,有网友在论坛里问,既然重力是向下,为与重力平衡,那应力场的方向是不是向上呢,这同样是我开始接触abaqus的疑问,相信很初学者也有这样的疑问,我的理解是内力是没有向上、向下或者向其它方向的概念的,内力只有拉力或压力或剪力之分,其方向也按是拉是压是顺时针或逆时针而分,内力往往都是成对出现,如地应力场中的应力以压应力为主,取一个微元,则压应力同时出现在向下和向上,你能说地应力就是向上,与重力反向吗?不怕各位笑话,以上几点在高手看来是很简单的问题,却是我经历了漫长而艰辛的摸索才得到的,今天也写给初学者,不要再走我的老弯路了。

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