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考点2 阅读填句(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)话题:信息安全 词数:295W 难度:★★★Secret codes(密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 Forexample, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,论述了密码的种类及对信息安全的重要性。
36.【解析】选D。
前句说人类使用密码的历史很长,后句说密码破译从未落后于密码编制,根据逻辑关系可知选择D项,即“只要有密码存在,人们就一直试图破译密码”。
37.【解析】选E。
前句说密码学有三种主要形式,后句举例说明密码学的形式,这种形式即密码是由首字母组成的,故选择E项。
38.【解析】选G。
本段说明密码学的第二种形式,由后面的叙述可知,这种形式用一个字(数字)代替另一个字(字母),故选择G项。
由叙述顺序也可知道G项中的Another way是一种提示。
39.【解析】选F。
前句说要想读懂密码信息必须有密码本,根据逻辑关系,下句应该说“有了密码本,你就可以写下那些代表其他字的字”,故选择F项。
40.【解析】选A。
前面举例说明了第三种密码学的形式,并且知道有了密码本就很容易读出信息,根据逻辑关系可知,下句应该说明“没有密码本很难破译密码”,故选择A项。
此外,下句However, it is also hard to...也是一种提示。
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)话题:园艺 词数:285W 难度:★★★A garden that’s just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts? 36 .But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.● 37Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.●Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 39 —how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 .Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A.Know why you gardenB.Find a good place for your own gardenC.It’s our experience of the garden that mattersD.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG.For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have36.【解析】选F。
空前面一句提到一个花园,所以此处指你也能有前面提到的那样的花园。
故选F。
37.【解析】选A。
下面解释了人们从事园艺的各种原因,所以小标题应该是:知道你为什么从事园艺。
38.【解析】选E。
空前后都提到了人们从事园艺的各种原因,所以此处也是原因之一。
39.【解析】选C。
空前面一句提到祖母的玫瑰园和父亲的菜园或好或坏,但那不重要,所以此处指重要的是我们在花园里的感受。
40.【解析】选G。
根据空前面的recall和空后面的translate可知,此处指把记忆写下来。
故选G。
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)话题:如何买鱼和蒸鱼 词数:254W 难度:★★★ Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seemsthat many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs。